Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Md. Aminul Haque1 , Syeda Aleya Sultana2 , Mohammad Abdul Malek3 , Md. Wali-Ur-Rahman3 , Abu Yousuf Md. Shahidul Alam1 , Mst. Zinat Ara4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 1-9
Distribution of metabolic syndrome components and their relationship with angiographic severity in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Md. Aminul Haque1 , Syeda Aleya Sultana2 , Mohammad Abdul Malek3 , Md. Wali-Ur-Rahman3 , Abu Yousuf Md. Shahidul Alam1 , Mst. Zinat Ara4
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now well acknowledged as a major contributor to the severity of
coronary artery disease (CAD). This study examined the correlation between MetS and the angiographic burden
of CAD in individuals with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 192 NSTEMI patients who underwent coronary
angiography at a tertiary cardiac center located in Bangladesh. Patients were divided into two groups: MetS
(n = 96) and non-MetS (n = 96). The severity of angiographic findings was assessed using the vessel score, total
stenosis score (TSS), and extension score (ES). Correlation and multivariable regression analyses were conducted
to determine the predictors of CAD burden.
Results: The MetS group had significantly higher mean vessel score (2.12 vs. 1.66; P < 0.001), TSS (9.26 vs. 6.06; P < 0.001), and ES (53.7% vs. 39.1%; P < 0.001). Triple vessel disease and high-burden lesions were markedly more prevalent in MetS patients. Waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, and low
high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol independently predicted CAD burden. MetS score correlated positively with all angiographic severity indices.
Conclusion: MetS is strongly associated with greater angiographic severity of CAD in NSTEMI, underscoring
its role as a key modifiable risk cluster. Addressing MetS may be critical in preventing severe coronary outcomes.
Angiographic burden, cardiovascular risk, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, non-ST
elevation myocardial infarction
S. M. Golam Faruk1 , Md. Shahidul Azam2 , Md. Farhad Hossain3 , Most. Nasima Khatun4 , Hazrat Ali Miah5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 10-14
Impact of traditional bone setter and informal treatment practices on outcomes of colles’ fractures, a mixed methods study from Bangladesh
S. M. Golam Faruk1 , Md. Shahidul Azam2 , Md. Farhad Hossain3 , Most. Nasima Khatun4 , Hazrat Ali Miah5
Abstract
Introduction: Colles’ fracture is one of the most common fractures of the upper limb, particularly among older adults, and appropriate early management is crucial for optimal functional recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of traditional bone setters (TBS) and informal treatment practices on the clinical and functional outcomes of Colles’ fractures, while also exploring the socio-cultural and economic factors influencing patients’
initial treatment choices.
Methods: This mixed-methods study was conducted at 250 Beded General Hospital, Kurigram, Bangladesh, from July 2024 to June 2025, and included 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with Colles’ fractures. Adult patients presenting with a history of distal radius fracture, with or without prior treatment from TBS or other informal
practitioners, were enrolled. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0.
Results: Initial care was sought from TBS or informal providers by 72.0%, while only 28.0% presented directly to formal healthcare facilities, resulting in delayed presentation beyond one week in 46.0% of cases. Common complications included malunion (34.0%), joint stiffness (28.0%), and chronic pain (22.0%), with only 20.0% having no complications. Functional outcomes were excellent or good in 54.0% and fair or poor in 46.0%. Low cost (66.7%), easy accessibility (58.3%), fear of surgery (50.0%), and cultural beliefs (44.4%) were the main reasons for choosing traditional or informal treatment.
Conclusion: This study highlights the continued widespread use of TBS and informal care for the management of Colles’ fractures in Bangladesh, which is linked to delayed access to formal healthcare, increased complications, and poorer functional recovery. Factors such as financial limitations, ease of access, cultural trust, and apprehension toward surgical treatment played a major role in shaping patients’ initial care-seeking decisions.
Colles’ fractures, informal treatment, traditional bone setter
A study on the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among industrial workers in Bangladesh
Md. Shahidul Azam1 , S. M. Golam Faruk2 , Md. Farhad Hossain3 , Most. Nasima Khatun4 , Hazrat Ali Miah5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 15-19
A study on the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among industrial workers in Bangladesh
Md. Shahidul Azam1 , S. M. Golam Faruk2 , Md. Farhad Hossain3 , Most. Nasima Khatun4 , Hazrat Ali Miah5
Abstract
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the prevalent work-related musculoskeletal disorders, leading to reduced productivity and functional impairment among workers, especially in industries where the job is demanding. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of LBP among workers in industries in Bangladesh and the associated risk factors.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study that was done among 52 industrial workers in the country of Bangladesh from January 2024 to December 2024. The data collection was based on a pretested structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic variables, occupational characteristics, individual risk factors, and the presence and severity of pain in the lower back. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0.
Results: In the study involving 52 industrial workers, the dominant participants were males (78.8%), aged between 31 and 40 years (40.4%), and performed manual/heavy work (55.8%), with 65.4% of them working more than 8 h daily and 69.2% having worked with the company for more than 5 years. Results showed that LBP occurred commonly among 63.5% of the industrial workers. LBP was associated significantly with age over 40 years and work duration (P < 0.05), while obesity and smoking were not significant.
Conclusion: Lower back pain was found to be quite prevalent (63.5%) among the industry workforce in Bangladesh and had strong associations with strenuous work activities, increasing age, and increasing service duration. The major contributing factors from the occupational point of view included heavy lifting, frequent bending, prolonged standing, and inadequate rest intervals.
Industrial workers, low back pain, occupational exposure
Md. Shariful Islam1 , Mustanshirah Lubna2 , K. M. Adnan Bulbul3 , Amal Krishna Paul4 , Md. Rakibul Hassan5 , Mst. Jakia Afroz Zebun6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 20-25
The invisible dual burden: A clinical study on the association between tension-type headache and major depressive disorder
Md. Shariful Islam1 , Mustanshirah Lubna2 , K. M. Adnan Bulbul3 , Amal Krishna Paul4 , Md. Rakibul Hassan5 , Mst. Jakia Afroz Zebun6
Abstract
Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent primary headache disorder worldwide and is a major cause of functional impairment. Despite its high burden, the psychiatric comorbidities of TTH, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), remain inadequately characterized, with limited evidence regarding their demographic and clinical correlates.
Objective: To assess the association between MDD and patients with TTH.
Methods: This hospital-based study was conducted at KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh, from September 2018 to December 2024, enrolling 4653 patients with clinically diagnosed TTH. Participants underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and psychiatric assessment for MDD. Sociodemographic data, psychiatric comorbidities, and psychosomatic symptoms were systematically recorded. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.
Results: Among 4653 patients with TTH, 153 (3.3%) had comorbid MDD. Prevalence was higher in females, with 138 of 3223 (4.3%) affected, compared to 15 of 1430 males (1.0%, P < 0.001). Age ≥46 years showed 84 of 681 patients (12.4%) with MDD, versus 28 of 2389 (1.1%) in ≤30 years and 41 of 1623 (2.5%) in 31–45 years. Anxiety affected 100 (65.4%), insomnia 96 (62.7%), and chronic pain 54 (35.3%) of MDD cases.
Conclusion: MDD affects 3.3% of patients with TTH and is strongly associated with female sex, age ≥46 years, anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain, highlighting the need for routine psychiatric assessment in high-risk patients.
Anxiety, insomnia, major depressive disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, tension-type headache
Asma Sarker1 , Khayrul Bashar Khan2 , Mohammad Tazul Islam3 , Lutfunnahar Shampa4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 26-31
Baseline clinical characteristics of primary sub-fertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional comparative study
Asma Sarker1 , Khayrul Bashar Khan2 , Mohammad Tazul Islam3 , Lutfunnahar Shampa4
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common Endocrine diseases among women of reproductive age. The syndrome presents as one of the major problems of involuntary subfertility in women. PCOS presents clinically as hyperandrogenism, ovulatory disorders, and/or polycystic change in ovaries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the demographical, anthropometrical, and clinical data of subfertile women suffering from PCOS and those not suffering from PCOS.
Methods: This study design is a cross-sectional study comparing the subjects at a point in time for the researchers. This study was carried out at the Fertility Care Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from June 2015 to November 2015. In all, 146 women subjects were selected for the study, equally divided into two study groups – Group A: 73 women presenting primary or secondary infertility with PCOS, and Group B: 73 women presenting primary infertility without PCOS. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0.
Results: In 146 cases of primary sub-fertility, those with PCOS were similar to those that did not have PCOS with respect to factors, such as age, education, and occupation; however, differences were seen in that Group A included more 31–35-year-olds, whereas Group B included more ≤30-year-olds. Body mass index (BMI) was found to be significantly elevated in patients with PCOS, with more overweight patients, while most patients in all groups had a normal BMI. Hirsutism was found to be more prevalent in patients with PCOS.
Conclusion: Accordingly, in concluding, it could be noted that in sub-fertile women affected by PCOS, BMI values as well as cases of hirsutism have been found to be significantly higher in comparison to women not affected by PCOS, whereas regarding age, as well as level of education and occupation, it has been found that they are quite at par.
Ovulatory dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome, primary sub-fertility
Risk factors associated with incomplete abortions: A retrospective study
Kamil Ara Khanam , Shain Fariya Shetu , Kohinoor Begum
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 32-36
Risk factors associated with incomplete abortions: A retrospective study
Kamil Ara Khanam , Shain Fariya Shetu , Kohinoor Begum
Abstract
Introduction: Incomplete abortion is a frequent complication of spontaneous and induced pregnancy loss and has a significant burden on the maternal morbidity, especially in low-resource environments. Issues such as advanced gestational age, late presentation, anemia, and unsafe abortion practices may predispose the risk of incomplete abortion and its associated complications. This paper will establish the risk factors that are linked to incomplete abortions.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was done at Popular Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between July 2024 and June 2025 and comprised 68 women who had incomplete abortion, which is defined as the retention of products of conception following spontaneous or induced abortion. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0.
Results: In 68 women who had incomplete abortion, the majority of those women were aged between 20 and 39 (75%), urban (57.4%), and multigravida (73.5%). All of them reported vaginal bleeding, 85.3% complained of abdominal pain. Risk factors such as anemia (39.7%), late presentation (>24 h) (29.4%), and misoprostol use without supervision (22.1) were common. The predominant method of management was manual vacuum aspiration (60.3%), with complications in 38.2% of cases, most often infection (16.2%).
Conclusion: This research discovered that incomplete abortions were prevalent among women aged between 20 and 29 years, those with lower socioeconomic statuses, and those with multiparous status. The percentage of abortions attempted after 8–12 weeks of gestation and with the attempts having been medical or unsafe by the time they were attempted, with the provided example being frequently an untrained provider.
Anemia, incomplete abortions, manual vacuum aspiration
Md Niaz Mostafa1 , Umme Hani2 , Israt Jahan3 , Md Atiqur Rahman4 , Md Khademul Hasan Razonn5 , Md Zahirul Islam6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 37-44
Frequency and determinants of asymptomatic malaria infection among adults in Bouar, Western Central African Republic
Md Niaz Mostafa1 , Umme Hani2 , Israt Jahan3 , Md Atiqur Rahman4 , Md Khademul Hasan Razonn5 , Md Zahirul Islam6
Abstract
Background: Asymptomatic malaria infections are hidden reservoirs that sustain transmission cycles and thwart elimination efforts in endemic communities. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of asymptomatic malaria infection among Bouar adults in the Western Central African Republic (CAR).
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among 234 adults aged ≥18 years in Bouar, Western CAR, from June 2024 to November 2024. Participants were enrolled using systematic random sampling from the health camps. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and preventive measures were obtained using structured questionnaires. Clinical examination and venous blood sampling for hematological and biochemical tests were undertaken. Malaria infection was diagnosed by rapid diagnostic tests and confirmatory light microscopy. Asymptomatic malaria was defined as microscopic parasite detection in afebrile individuals. Data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26, including descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using Chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors.
Results: Asymptomatic malaria frequency was 10.3% (24/234). Rural residence was the strongest predictor of infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–13.2, P = 0.010). Both use of mosquito nets (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.91, P = 0.030) and repellents (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18–0.97, P = 0.040) were significantly protective. All microscopy-positive participants resided in rural areas and did not use mosquito nets or repellents. Anemia was more prevalent in infected participants (16.7% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.02).
Conclusion: Asymptomatic malaria exists in one in ten Bouar adults, with rural residence being the primary risk factor. Vector control measures provide strong protection but are ominously underused. Rural-specific strategies for vector control use and socioeconomic barriers are needed to reduce this hidden reservoir of transmission.
Asymptomatic malaria, rural health, vector control
Molecular study of non-small cell carcinoma of lung in a tertiary-level laboratory in Bangladesh
Md. Iqbal Karim , Shamoli Yasmin
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 45-50
Molecular study of non-small cell carcinoma of lung in a tertiary-level laboratory in Bangladesh
Md. Iqbal Karim , Shamoli Yasmin
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths in the world as well as in Bangladesh. In both male and female Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ( NSCLC) are the major type of Lung cancer. Molecular and genetic profiling has been made in the recent times, which has led to a significant improvement in treatment outcomes, survival, and quality of life, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, which were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Methods: It is a retrospective study that was done at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Dhaka, between January 2022 and December 2023, with 220 patients diagnosed with NSCLC. RT-PCR was done to analyze EGFR mutation, and IHC was done to analyze ALK, ROS1, and PD-L1 by Ventana systems. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 was used to conduct statistical analysis, and patient outcomes after targeted therapy with or without chemotherapy were analyzed.
Results: The mean age was 63.5 (range of 41–80) years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. The best-described subtype was adenocarcinoma (81.8%). The prevalence of EGFR mutation was observed in 20% of cases, and then, ALK (2.7%), ROS1 (1.8%), and PD-L1 positivity followed (3.6%). The most common EGFR mutation was exon 19 deletion (50%). Patients of Stage II and III had a better therapeutic response as compared to those of Stage IV. Targeted therapy showed better results in contrast to standard chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Although the economic constraints limit the use of molecular testing as a universal method in Bangladesh, patients who underwent molecular testing responded positively to either targeted or immunotherapies, especially patients with EGFR exon 18 and 19 mutations and PD-L1 positive cases.
Chemotherapy, epidermal growth factor receptor, mutation, non-small cell cancer
Office hysteroscopy in infertility workup: balancing precision and patient comfort
Fatima Jannat1 , Munawar Sultana2 , Mohammad Shaha Alam3 , Mohammad Jahangir Kabir Bhuiyan4 , Osmanur Rashid5 , A. K. M. Harun-ar-Rashid6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 51-56
Office hysteroscopy in infertility workup: balancing precision and patient comfort
Fatima Jannat1 , Munawar Sultana2 , Mohammad Shaha Alam3 , Mohammad Jahangir Kabir Bhuiyan4 , Osmanur Rashid5 , A. K. M. Harun-ar-Rashid6
Abstract
Introduction: Infertility is a growing global health concern that affects millions of couples, causing significant emotional, psychological, and social distress. Uterine abnormalities are recognized as a major contributing factor to female infertility, often remaining undiagnosed by conventional imaging techniques alone. Office hysteroscopy has emerged as a valuable, minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, offering both diagnostic accuracy and patient comfort. Its role in identifying subtle intrauterine abnormalities makes it an essential component of modern infertility workup.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a district-level hospital in Cox’s Bazar, from January 2023 to December 2023, involving 95 women undergoing infertility evaluation. Women with known uterine anomalies previously diagnosed, active pelvic infections, or those unwilling to undergo hysteroscopy were excluded. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.
Results: In this study of 95 infertile women, office hysteroscopy identified intrauterine abnormalities in 51.6% of cases, with endometrial polyps (16.8%) and intrauterine adhesions (11.6%) being the most common findings. A septate uterus was observed in 7.4% of women, primarily among those with primary infertility. A strong correlation (77.4%) was noted between abnormal hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopic findings. The procedure was well tolerated by 89.5% of patients, with only minor discomfort and no major complications reported.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that office hysteroscopy is an effective, minimally invasive, and well-tolerated diagnostic tool for evaluating intrauterine abnormalities in infertile women, offering a reliable balance between diagnostic precision and patient comfort. With over half of the women in this study found to have intrauterine pathologies, particularly endometrial polyps, adhesions, and a septate uterus, office hysteroscopy significantly enhances the detection of subtle uterine factors that may contribute to infertility.
Infertility, intrauterine abnormalities, office hysteroscopy, patient comfort
Prevalence and risk factors of scabies in school-going children in rural Bangladesh
Md. Haroon Ur Rashid1 , Md. Hasnainul Islam2 , Mohammed Saiful Islam3 , Sanjida Fardous4 , Md. Abul Hashem5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 57-62
Prevalence and risk factors of scabies in school-going children in rural Bangladesh
Md. Haroon Ur Rashid1 , Md. Hasnainul Islam2 , Mohammed Saiful Islam3 , Sanjida Fardous4 , Md. Abul Hashem5
Abstract
Introduction: Scabies is a common contagious skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, affecting millions of children worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. It is associated with intense pruritus, secondary infections, and significant disruption to daily life. Children are especially vulnerable due to close contact in schools and households, overcrowding, and limited access to hygiene facilities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of scabies and identify associated risk factors among school-going children in rural areas of Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 school-going children aged 5–14 years in selected rural schools of Gazipur, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025, to assess the prevalence and risk factors of scabies. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.
Results: Among 108 school-going children, scabies prevalence was 31.5%, with most affected children aged 10–14 years (61.1%) and male (57.4%). Common clinical features included nocturnal itching (91.2%), rash (85.3%), and burrows (50.0%), with 70.6% reporting a positive family history. Hygiene practices showed irregular bathing (43.5%), irregular soap use (32.4%), and sharing of clothes (53.7%) or bedding (59.3%). Overcrowding, family history, irregular bathing, and shared bedding were significant predictors, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.21, 3.76, 2.89, and 2.47, respectively.
Conclusion: Scabies continues to pose a major health problem among school-aged children in rural Bangladesh, affecting 31.5% of the study population. Key factors associated with infestation included overcrowded living conditions, infrequent bathing, sharing of bedding, and a family history of scabies.
Hygiene practices, nocturnal itching, scabies
Prevalence of fungal skin infections among agricultural workers in Bangladesh
Md. Hasnainul Islam1 , Md. Haroon Ur Rashid2 , Sanjida Fardous3 , Mohammed Saiful Islam4 , Md. Abul Hashem5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 63-69
Prevalence of fungal skin infections among agricultural workers in Bangladesh
Md. Hasnainul Islam1 , Md. Haroon Ur Rashid2 , Sanjida Fardous3 , Mohammed Saiful Islam4 , Md. Abul Hashem5
Abstract
Agricultural workers, fungal infection, prevalence, skin disease, tropical dermatology
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 school-going children aged 5–14 years in selected rural schools of Gazipur, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025, to assess the prevalence and risk factors of scabies. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.
Results: Among 108 school-going children, scabies prevalence was 31.5%, with most affected children aged 10–14 years (61.1%) and male (57.4%). Common clinical features included nocturnal itching (91.2%), rash (85.3%), and burrows (50.0%), with 70.6% reporting a positive family history. Hygiene practices showed irregular bathing (43.5%), irregular soap use (32.4%), and sharing of clothes (53.7%) or bedding (59.3%). Overcrowding, family history, irregular bathing, and shared bedding were significant predictors, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.21, 3.76, 2.89, and 2.47, respectively.
Conclusion: Scabies continues to pose a major health problem among school-aged children in rural Bangladesh, affecting 31.5% of the study population. Key factors associated with infestation included overcrowded living conditions, infrequent bathing, sharing of bedding, and a family history of scabies.
Agricultural workers, fungal infection, prevalence, skin disease, tropical dermatology
Md. Aminul Haque1 , Syeda Aleya Sultana2 , Mohammad Abdul Malek3 , Md. Wali-Ur-Rahman3 , Abu Yousuf Md. Shahidul Alam1 , Mst. Zinat Ara4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 1-90
Distribution of metabolic syndrome components and their relationship with angiographic severity in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Md. Aminul Haque1 , Syeda Aleya Sultana2 , Mohammad Abdul Malek3 , Md. Wali-Ur-Rahman3 , Abu Yousuf Md. Shahidul Alam1 , Mst. Zinat Ara4
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now well acknowledged as a major contributor to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study examined the correlation between MetS and the angiographic burden of CAD in individuals with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 192 NSTEMI patients who underwent coronary angiography at a tertiary cardiac center located in Bangladesh. Patients were divided into two groups: MetS (n = 96) and non-MetS (n = 96). The severity of angiographic findings was assessed using the vessel score, total stenosis score (TSS), and extension score (ES). Correlation and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of CAD burden.
Results: The MetS group had significantly higher mean vessel score (2.12 vs. 1.66; P < 0.001), TSS (9.26 vs. 6.06; P < 0.001), and ES (53.7% vs. 39.1%; P < 0.001). Triple vessel disease and high-burden lesions were markedly more prevalent in MetS patients. Waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol independently predicted CAD burden. MetS score correlated positively with all angiographic severity indices.
Conclusion: MetS is strongly associated with greater angiographic severity of CAD in NSTEMI, underscoring its role as a key modifiable risk cluster. Addressing MetS may be critical in preventing severe coronary outcomes.
Angiographic burden, cardiovascular risk, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, non-ST
elevation myocardial infarction
Emerging trends in retinal imaging: Advances in early detection and disease monitoring
Afrina Shams Chowdhury1 , Jyoti Das Gupta2 , Md. Mosharrof Hossain3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 70-79
Emerging trends in retinal imaging: Advances in early detection and disease monitoring
Afrina Shams Chowdhury1 , Jyoti Das Gupta2 , Md. Mosharrof Hossain3
Abstract
Introduction: Early detection of retinal disease is necessary to prevent loss of vision, but conventional imaging usually misses subclinical changes. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of multimodal retinal imaging were evaluated, with particular focus given to the incremental value of the combination of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT).
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Aichi Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2024 to December 2024 and enrolled 80 at-risk adults who underwent comprehensive retinal imaging (SD-OCT, OCTA, ultra-widefield [UWF] color fundus, fundus autofluorescence, microperimetry, and UWF fluorescein angiography when feasible). Two masked graders assessed lesions, and progression was evaluated at 3 months using biomarker thresholds. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences v26, including diagnostic accuracy, regression, and decision curve analysis.
Results: 57.5% were identified with SD-OCT and 61.3% with OCTA in early/subclinical lesions. The combination of OCTA and SD-OCT substantially enhanced the diagnostic performance (area under the curve increased from 0.78 to 0.86, P = 0.042) with substantial net reclassification improvement of 0.43, P = 0.018. Diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.42, P = 0.036) and OCTA performance (aOR 2.76, P = 0.019) were predictive for lesion detection. Management was changed in 27.5% of the cases. At 3-month follow-up (n = 60), there was noteworthy advancement of a number of biomarkers, including OCTA vessel density (−1.1%, P < 0.001) and microperimetry sensitivity (−0.6 dB, P = 0.005). There was an advancement in 23.3% of patients followed.
Conclusion: Multimodal retinal imaging significantly enhances early disease detection, with OCTA providing high incremental value over conventional SD-OCT. The approach is highly practical and clinically beneficial for detection and monitoring.
Diagnostic accuracy, early disease detection, multimodal retinal imaging, optical coherence tomography angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
Risk factors and glycemic control patterns in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Nusur Akhter1 , Sehereen F. Siddiqua2 , Sonia Nasrin3 , Somani Risalat1
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 80-84
Risk factors and glycemic control patterns in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Nusur Akhter1 , Sehereen F. Siddiqua2 , Sonia Nasrin3 , Somani Risalat1
Abstract
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance that is first recognized during gestation. Several maternal factors, such as advanced age, overweight or obesity, and family history of diabetes, contribute to its development. Effective glycemic control during pregnancy is essential to reduce adverse outcomes. This study aimed to identify the maternal risk factors associated with GDM and to evaluate patterns of glycemic control.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at Anwer Khan Modern Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025, including 58 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0.
Result: Overweight/obesity (60.3%), positive family history of diabetes (46.6%), previous GDM (24.1%), and polycystic ovary syndrome (19.0%) were common risk factors. Mean fasting glucose was 101.8 ± 12.6 mg/dL, 1-h OGTT was 188.4 ± 26.3 mg/dL, 2-h OGTT was 164.7 ± 21.9 mg/dL, and glycated hemoglobin was.9 ± 0.6%. Glycemic control was achieved with lifestyle alone in 41.4%, oral agents in 31.0%, and insulin in 27.6%. Overall, 67.2% had adequate control, whereas poor control (32.8%) was associated with higher body mass index, age ≥30 years, family history, and insulin requirement, with post-prandial hyperglycemia more frequent than fasting.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that GDM is closely linked to advanced maternal age, pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, a positive family history of diabetes, and unfavorable glycemic patterns during pregnancy. A considerable number of women required pharmacological treatment alongside lifestyle interventions, and almost one-third did not achieve adequate glycemic control, with post-prandial hyperglycemia occurring more frequently than fasting hyperglycemia.
Gestational diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, OGTT
Md. Nurullah , Md. Jashim Uddin , Rafiz Abyaz
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 1 | January-February 2026 | Page: 85-90
Effect of controlled hypotensive anesthesia on intraoperative blood loss and surgical field visibility in micro-ear surgery
Md. Nurullah , Md. Jashim Uddin , Rafiz Abyaz
Abstract
Background: Micro-ear surgery demands an immaculate surgical field, yet conventional anesthesia often leads to capillary ooze that obscures delicate structures. Controlled hypotensive anesthesia (CHA) is a strategy to mitigate this by reducing mean arterial pressure, but its comparative effectiveness in micro-ear surgery requires further validation.
Objective: To compare the effect of CHA versus normotensive anesthesia on intraoperative blood loss and surgical field visibility in patients undergoing micro-ear surgery.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Ibn Sina Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2024. A total of 80 patients were selected via purposive sampling: 40 cases received CHA, and 40 controls received standard normotensive anesthesia. Intraoperative blood loss was measured volumetrically. Surgical field visibility was assessed by the blinded primary surgeon using the 6-point scale at regular intervals. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0.
Results: The CHA group (n = 40) demonstrated significantly lower mean intraoperative blood loss (47.8 ± 10.5 mL) compared to the control group (101.2 ± 20.3 mL; P < 0.001). Surgical field visibility was superior in the CHA group, with 72.5% of cases rated as excellent/good versus 7.5% in controls (P < 0.001). No significant difference in surgery duration or major complications was observed between the groups.
Conclusion: CHA significantly reduces blood loss and improves surgical field visibility in micro-ear surgery without increasing operative time or major complications. It is a recommended technique for optimizing surgical conditions in these delicate procedures.
Blood loss, controlled hypotension, ear surgery, hypotensive anesthesia, mastoidectomy,
tympanoplasty
