Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
K. M. Shorfuddin1, Md Abdul Motin2, Md Mahmudul Hasan1, S.M. Masum Billah3, Mohd. Mohidul Islam1, Md. Ali Ashraf1, Md. Ali Shah1, Hasnan Zobayed Kabir1
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 1-7
Radiological Comparison of Short-Segment Fixation with Index Vertebra Instrumentation Versus Long-Segment Fixation in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
K. M. Shorfuddin1, Md Abdul Motin2, Md Mahmudul Hasan1, S.M. Masum Billah3, Mohd. Mohidul Islam1, Md. Ali Ashraf1, Md. Ali Shah1, Hasnan Zobayed Kabir1
Abstract
Background: Thoracolumbar burst fractures are an important aspect of spinal injuries, which can be treated by surgery to stabilize and restore neurological function. Whether to use short-segment or long-segment posterior pedicle screw fixation is a controversial issue. This study aimed to compare radiological outcomes of short-segment fixation instrumentation versus long-segment fixation of thoracolumbar burst fractures.
Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2024 to June 2025, involving the recruitment of 91 consecutive patients who sustained a thoracolumbar burst fracture and were treated with posterior pedicle screw fixation. The patients were separated into two groups: short-segment fixation (n = 46) and long-segment fixation (n = 45). The neurological status was assessed on the basis of the ASIA Impairment Scale. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: The two groups had a significant within-group radiological improvement. Fixation with short-segments had a mean Cobb angle correction of 9.31° and kyphotic angle correction of 13.24°. The long-segment fixation attained a correction of 8.31° and 11.20°, respectively. There was no significant difference in Cobb angle correction between groups (P = 0.187), but there was significantly greater kyphotic correction with short-segment fixation (P = 0.022). Nevertheless, the correction loss was much higher in short-segment fixation (6.02° vs 4.69°, P = 0.005). Both groups improved neurologically on the ASIA Impairment Scale.
Conclusion: The two techniques of surgery provide a great radiological outcome in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Short segment Fixation with the index vertebra provides similar Cobb angle correction and better kyphotic reduction, but with higher correction loss. The fixation in the long segment offers superior long-term maintenance of correction.
Thoracolumbar burst fracture, Pedicle screw fixation, Kyphotic angle, Cobb angle, Short-segment fixation
Md. Kamruzzaman1, Jahangir Alam1, Shahidul Islam1, Younus Hossain2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 8-15
Functional Recovery and Elbow Alignment After Modified French Osteotomy with Reconstruction Plate Fixation for Cubitus Varus Deformity
Md. Kamruzzaman1, Jahangir Alam1, Shahidul Islam1, Younus Hossain2
Abstract
Background: Cubitus varus is a common post-traumatic deformity of the elbow, typically resulting from malunited supracondylar fractures in children. Despite its frequent occurrence, consensus on the optimal surgical technique remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the functional recovery and elbow alignment after modified French osteotomy with reconstruction plate fixation for cubitus varus deformity.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, from January 2018 to December 2019 on 22 patients. All patients underwent modified French osteotomy with reconstruction plate fixation. Preoperative and postoperative carrying angle, internal rotation, lateral capitello-physeal index (LCPI), and elbow range of motion were recorded. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: The cohort comprised 22 patients (most patients fell within a 10–15-year range; 59.1% male). Malunited supracondylar fracture was the leading cause (81.8%). The mean carrying angle improved from −25.14 ± 8.28° preoperatively to 4.81 ± 5.48° postoperatively (P < 0.001). Internal rotation decreased from 27.73 ± 13.07° to 8.86 ± 3.76° (P < 0.001). The functional arc of motion improved from 119.00 ± 5.10° to 132.68 ± 5.20° (P < 0.001). Union was achieved in all patients: 86.4% within 12 weeks and 13.6% within 16 weeks. The complication rate was low, with superficial infection in 9.1% and transient nerve irritation in 4.5% of cases.
Conclusion: Modified French osteotomy with reconstruction plate fixation is a reliable and effective surgical technique for correcting cubitus varus deformity, yielding significant improvements in both elbow alignment and functional range of motion with an acceptable complication profile.
orrection.
Cubitus varus, modified french osteotomy, reconstruction plate fixation, elbow deformity,
supracondylar fracture malunion
Md. Ali Ashraf1, K. M. Shorfuddin1, Md. Abdul Motin1, Mohd. Mohidul Islam1, Rizwan Jamil1, Md. Ali Shah1, Ashek-E-Mahmud Chowdhury2, Tahasin Rahman3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 16-21
Clinical Outcomes of Single Posterior Approach in the Management of Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries: Experience from 61 Patients
Md. Ali Ashraf1, K. M. Shorfuddin1, Md. Abdul Motin1, Mohd. Mohidul Islam1, Rizwan Jamil1, Md. Ali Shah1, Ashek-E-Mahmud Chowdhury2, Tahasin Rahman3
Abstract
Introduction: Thoracolumbar spine injuries account for a large share of cases in people who have experienced high, energy trauma. These injuries commonly bring about severe pain, unstable spine, and nerve damage. Surgery is generally considered necessary to align the spine, decompress the nerves, and enable the patient to get up and move around early. This study aimed at determining the safety and clinical efficacy of using only the posterior approach for the surgical management of thoracolumbar spine injuries.
Methods: This prospective observational study started in January 2023 and will continue until June 2025. It took place at the Department of Spine Surgery of the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR) and some private hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 61 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar spine injuries who had surgical treatment with a single posterior approach were enrolled in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.
Result: Among 61 patients, most were male (82.0%), and their injuries mainly affected the thoracolumbar junction, with L1 being the most common site (42.6%) followed by D12 (18.0%). All the patients had spinal cord injuries, and incomplete injuries were more common, with ASIA, C being the most frequent (39.3%). At the follow, up (n = 56), neurological recovery occurred in patients with incomplete injuries, with 70.0% of ASIA, B and 75.0% of ASIA, C upgrading to ASIA, D or E, whereas, no recovery was seen in ASIA, A cases. Functional results were good, with 92.9% of patients reporting substantial pain relief and 96.4% being mobilized early.
Conclusion: This study highlights that the single posterior approach is safe and effective surgical option for thoracolumbar spine injury management. Efficient mechanical stability was achieved through posterior decompression and pedicle screw stabilization, which accounted for the significant pain relief and the facilitation of early mobilization in the majority of patients. Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury, especially ASIA, B and ASIA, C grade cases, showed significant neurological improvement. Meanwhile, no neurological recovery was seen in cases of complete spinal cord injury.
Single posterior approach, thoracolumbar spine injuries, immobilization
A Clinical Study on Antepartum Fetal Death and its Associated Risk Factors
Mst. Zinat Ara1, Md. Aminul Haque2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 22-28
A Clinical Study on Antepartum Fetal Death and its Associated Risk Factors
Mst. Zinat Ara1, Md. Aminul Haque2
Abstract
Introduction: Antepartum fetal death (AFD), defined as intrauterine fetal demise after 28 weeks of gestation, is a significant obstetric complication with profound emotional, social, and public health implications. Aim of the study is to identify maternal, fetal, and socio-demographic factors associated with antepartum fetal death in a tertiary hospital setting.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 consecutive pregnant women with intrauterine foetal death (IUFD) and their foetuses admitted to the obstetrics wards of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), from January 2025 to December 2025. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
Result: In this study of 100 respondents, the majority were multigravida, with G2 (42%) and G3 (30%) being the most common. Primigravida accounted for 18%, while higher-order pregnancies were less frequent. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were relatively uncommon: 8% had a history of abortion, 10% had previous AFD, and none had congenital anomalies. Hypertension (22%) was the most frequent maternal condition, followed by fever (16%) and histories of bleeding, diabetes, UTI, and jaundice (12% each). ANC utilization was higher among literate women and those with literate husbands, and ANC users had significantly higher mean monthly income (8,525 BDT vs 3,319 BDT, P < 0.001). Maternal complications were mostly unexplained (36%), with pre-eclampsia (16%) and congenital anomalies (8%) also noted. Unexplained AFD occurred at a slightly lower maternal age (26.61 ± 4.15 years) but higher gestational age (34.67 ± 1.76 weeks) than explained AFD (28.11 ± 4.61 years, 32.50 ± 1.20 weeks), with ANC coverage not significantly different between groups.
Conclusion: Antepartum fetal death in this study was more common among younger mothers, those with lower educational levels, 2nd and 3rd gravida, and women with inadequate antenatal care. Hypertensive disorders were the most frequent maternal cause of intrauterine fetal death. Improving maternal and paternal education, promoting reproductive health education during adolescence, empowering women to make informed decisions about their pregnancies, and ensuring adequate and regular antenatal care can potentially reduce the incidence of AFD.
Antepartum fetal death, risk factors, hypertension
Arafat Jamil1, Fariba Binte Hossain2, Farhana Faruque3, S.M Sufi Shafi-Ul-Bashar4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 29-39
Iron Deficiency Anemia and Associated Factors in Non-Pregnant, Non-Working Females of Reproductive Age in a Tertiary Military Hospital
Arafat Jamil1, Fariba Binte Hossain2, Farhana Faruque3, S.M Sufi Shafi-Ul-Bashar4
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) remains a major public health concern among women of reproductive age, yet data on non-pregnant, non-working women—a nutritionally vulnerable subgroup—are limited. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of IDA in women attending a tertiary military hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from January, 2025 to December, 2025 among 336 non-pregnant, non-working women aged 15–49 years. IDA was defined as haemoglobin <12 g/dL with at least two abnormal iron indices. Data on demographic, reproductive, medical, surgical, and haematological parameters were extracted from medical records. Associations between anaemia severity and key variables were examined using Chi-square tests.
Results: The mean age of participants was 35.18 ± 7.22 years; 78.6% reported menorrhagia and 39.3% had a history of one abortion. Moderate anaemia was most common (64.3%). Significant associations were observed between anaemia severity and number of abortions (χ² = 40.58, P < 0.001), contraceptive method—particularly IUD use (χ² = 49.19, P < 0.001)—and number of major surgeries (χ² = 15.81, P < 0.001). No significant associations were found with menorrhagia, PPH, PPI use, anthelmintic use, stool occult blood test, or transfusion history. Iron indices confirmed severe iron depletion, with mean ferritin 8.29 ± 3.28 ng/mL and transferrin saturation 6.68 ± 3.44%.
Conclusion: IDA in non-pregnant women reflects a multifactorial pattern influenced more by reproductive and surgical history than by menstrual factors alone. Targeted screening and reproductive health interventions are warranted.
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Iron deficiency anaemia, reproductive-age women, contraceptives, abortions
Menstrual Disturbances Following Tubal Ligation: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Setting
Khadiza Begum11, Anasuya Ray2, Ayesha Siddika3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 40-48
Menstrual Disturbances Following Tubal Ligation: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Setting
Khadiza Begum11, Anasuya Ray2 , Ayesha Siddika3
Abstract
Background: Tubal ligation (TL) is a widely used permanent contraceptive method in Bangladesh and globally, but its association with menstrual disturbances, often termed “post-tubal ligation syndrome,” remains controversial. Some studies report increased menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, and irregular bleeding after TL, while others show no significant differences compared to non-sterilized women. This study was conducted to investigate the role of uterine and ovarian changes in menstrual disturbances among Bangladeshi women following TL.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 33 women who developed menstrual disturbances after bilateral tubal ligation. The study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Shastho- Seba Hospital, New Rogmukti Hospital, Salimullah General Hospital from July 2023 to December 2023. Data were collected through structured interviews, clinical examinations, and relevant investigations, including ultrasound, hormonal, and hematological tests. Uterine and ovarian pathologies were identified by imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, with Pearson correlation and logistic regression applied to determine independent predictors of menstrual disturbances.
Results: Among 33 women studied, the most frequent symptoms were dysmenorrhoea (63.6%), menorrhagia (57.6%), and irregular bleeding (45.5%). Uterine pathology was common, with fibroids (18.2%) and adenomyosis (15.2%) strongly associated with dysmenorrhoea, while fibroids and anaemia significantly predicted menorrhagia. Logistic regression confirmed adenomyosis, fibroids, and ovarian cysts as key predictors of post-ligation menstrual disturbances.
Conclusion: Menstrual disturbances after tubal ligation are common, with dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia most frequent. Though adenomyosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts, and anemia are the strongest predictors but tubal ligation itself is the direct casual factor in these cases.
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Tubal ligation, menstrual disturbances, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts
Impact of Anesthetic Techniques on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Neurosurgery
Dawan Mohammad Anisur Rahman1, Md. Anwarul Mamun2, Md. Rayhan Reza Rony2, Mohammed Mohidur Rahman2, Tanjila Rahman Tannee2, Md. Rabiul Islam2, Jannath Ara Ferdous3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 49-59
Impact of Anesthetic Techniques on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Neurosurgery
Dawan Mohammad Anisur Rahman1, Md. Anwarul Mamun2, Md. Rayhan Reza Rony2, Mohammed Mohidur Rahman2, Tanjila Rahman Tannee2, Md. Rabiul Islam2, Jannath Ara Ferdous3
Abstract
Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common yet under-recognized complication. Its occurrence can delay recovery, prolong hospitalization, and adversely affect long-term independence. Neurosurgical procedures, due to their complexity and direct cerebral involvement, carry a higher risk of cognitive sequelae. This study aimed to assess the impact of anaesthetic technique TIVA versus inhalational on the incidence and recovery pattern of POCD following neurosurgery and to identify perioperative predictors influencing cognitive outcomes.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July, 2023 to June, 2024. The study included 150 adults (18–80 years, ASA I–III) undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures under general anaesthesia at a tertiary centre. Patients received either total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol–remifentanil or inhalational anaesthesia with sevoflurane, as clinically indicated. Intraoperative variables, including duration, blood loss, hypotension, burst suppression, opioid dose, and dexmedetomidine use, were recorded. Cognitive function was assessed preoperatively, on postoperative day 7, and at 1 month using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test-B, and Verbal Learning Test. POCD was defined as a ≥1 SD decline from baseline in any test. Data were analysed using SPSS 26, with significance set at P < 0.05.
Results: Among 150 neurosurgical patients (mean age 56.8 ± 12.1 years), postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurred in 32.0% at day 7, with 12.0% showing persistent decline at 3 months. POCD was more frequent with inhalational anaesthesia (37.3%) than with TIVA (26.7%), though not statistically significant. Advanced age (≥65 years), low education level, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative delirium were significant predictors of POCD, while dexmedetomidine use showed a protective trend. Cognitive scores declined significantly on day 7 but largely recovered or improved by 3 months. The predictive risk-score model demonstrated increasing POCD probability across risk categories, from 9.5% in low-risk to 70.0% in very-high-risk patients.
Conclusion: TIVA tended to reduce POCD compared to inhalational anaesthesia. Older age, low education, hypotension, and delirium increased POCD risk, while dexmedetomidine was protective. Optimizing anaesthesia, maintaining stability, and preventing delirium can help preserve cognition after neurosurgery.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, neurosurgery, total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA), inhalational anaesthesia and dexmedetomidine
Mohammad Abdul Gaffar1, Jannatul Ferdous1, Sharmin Shahnaz Suchi2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | March-April 2026 | Page: 60-67
Impact of Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvotomy on Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Mohammad Abdul Gaffar1, Jannatul Ferdous1, Sharmin Shahnaz Suchi2
Abstract
Background: Mitral stenosis remains a major cardiovascular burden in underdeveloped nations, owing mostly to rheumatic heart disease. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) has become the recommended treatment for symptomatic severe mitral stenosis with normal valve shape. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy on conventional echocardiographic indices and left atrial strain parameters in patients with mitral stenosis.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to July 2021, on 24 consecutive patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis undergoing PBMV at a tertiary cardiac center. Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, including conventional parameters and two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain analysis, was performed 24 hours before and 48 hours after the procedure. Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 26.
Results: PBMV significantly improved mitral valve area from 0.77 ± 0.20 cm² to 1.69 ± 0.41 cm² (P < 0.0001). The mean transmittal pressure gradient fell from 10.75 ± 3.15 mmHg to 7.04 ± 4.53 mmHg (P < 0.0001), while pulmonary artery systolic pressure declined from 33.50 ± 17.41 mmHg to 25.63 ± 13.83 mmHg (P = 0.003). The global left atrial strain significantly improved from 11.49 ± 4.65% to 17.13 ± 5.30% (P < 0.0001). Significant associations were seen between changes in mitral valve area and improvements in mean gradient (r = –0.62, P = 0.001), peak gradient (r = –0.58, P = 0.003), pulmonary pressure (r = –0.51, P = 0.010), and global left atrial strain (r = +0.66, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: PBMV causes immediate and considerable improvements in traditional hemodynamic measures as well as left atrial mechanical function as measured by global longitudinal strain. The substantial association between mitral valve area enlargement and strain improvement suggests that left atrial strain could be a useful supplementary marker of effective intervention and a possible predictor of positive outcomes.
ery.
Mitral stenosis, percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy, left atrial strain, echocardiography
