Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus and Google Scholar
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus and Google Scholar
CM Mosabber Rahman1*, Rezwanul Hoque2, Asit Baran Adhikary3, Tania Nusrat Shanta4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 1-12 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.1
Maiden Experience in Processing, Preservation and Banking of Aortic Homograft from Human Cadaver in Bangladesh
CM Mosabber Rahman1*, Rezwanul Hoque2, Asit Baran Adhikary3, Tania Nusrat Shanta4
Abstract
Background: In Bangladesh, the prospect of using homograft is immense. However, homograft banking is not available in this country until now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the processing, preservation and banking of aortic homograft from human cadaver in Bangladesh. Material & Methods: This observational study was conducted in Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2018. The study included 30 procured hearts from adult unclaimed deceased individuals, who underwent autopsy within 24 hours of death at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, were categorized into two groups: group-A: 15 homograft valves prepared as Aortic Sleeve (AS), and group-B: 15 homograft valves prepared as Aortic Conduit (AC). Results: The Mean ± SD age in Group-A and Group-B was 34.27 ± 8.16 years and 34.20 ± 8.22 years, respectively. Gender distribution in Group-A included 11 (73.33%) males and 4 (26.67%) females, while Group-B had 12 (80%) males and 3 (20%) females. Morphological abnormalities were minimal, with 1 (6.67%) valve in Group-A and 2 (13.33%) in Group-B showing leaflet incompetency. Microbiological analysis revealed statistically significant differences in contamination rates before antibiotic treatment (p<0.05), while after antibiotic treatment, both groups demonstrated effective decontamination. Cryopreservation exhibited a 100% success rate in maintaining sterility, with no instances of contamination in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The current study concludes that it is possible and effective to procure aortic homograft from human cadaver for aortic replacement surgery.
Processing, Preservation, Banking, Aortic Homograft, Human Cadaver, and Bangladesh.
Abu Sayed Mollah1*, Md. Abu Sayem2, Makshoda Begum3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 13-21 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.2
Laparoscopic Appendicectomy the Gold Standard; Study of 200 Cases of both Open and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy at TMMCH
Abu Sayed Mollah1*, Md. Abu Sayem2, Makshoda Begum3
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is widely performed in many countries around the world. It is popular for mainly the complicated appendicitis, which includes perforated or gangrenous appendicitis with or without localized or disseminated peritonitis. Another option, Open appendectomy has been the treatment of choice for more than a century since its introduction by McBurney in 1894, and the procedure is standardized among surgeons. The purpose of this study is to evaluate LA compared with open appendectomy (OA) for complicated appendicitis. Material & Methods: This study has retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 245 patients who had undergone appendectomy for complicated appendicitis within the time period of June 2021 to June2023. Among the 200 patients, 111 had undergone LA, 84 had conventional open appendectomy (OA), and 5 patients had conversion to the open procedure after laparoscopy. The total LA group was subdivided into ‘‘early experience group consisting cases 1 to 200’’ and ‘‘late experience consisting LA: case 201 to 245.’’ We defined the early LA group as the comparison group to minimize selection bias. Results: Patient demographics were found similar between the early LA and OA groups (P<0.05). Wound infection was significantly more frequent in the OA group (P< 0.05) than LA. Intra-abdominal infection was equally common in the two groups. The overall rate of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the OA group (32.1%) in comparision with the early LA group (18%; P< 0.05). This incidence was 12.8% in the total LA group. In terms of hospital stay, the early LA group (10.6 ± 3.9 days; P< 0.05) had significantly shorter stay than 8.9 ± 3.7 days in the total LA group. Conclusions: This study found that, LA is comparatively safe and successful even for the treatment of complicated appendicitis than OA if performed by an experienced surgeon.
LA, OA, appendicitis, laparoscopic appendectomy, open appendectomy
Mohammad Faridul Hoque1*, A. K. M. Monwarul Islam2, Mohammad Mozibul Hoque3, Atikur Rahman4, Mohammad Mostafijur Rahman5, Md. Shameem Aktar6, Md. Abdul Hamid7, AFM Rezaul Islam8
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 22-31 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.3
A Prospective Study on Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC) in Patients with Isolated Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Mohammad Faridul Hoque1*, A. K. M. Monwarul Islam2, Mohammad Mozibul Hoque3, Atikur Rahman4, Mohammad Mostafijur Rahman5, Md. Shameem Aktar6, Md. Abdul Hamid7, AFM Rezaul Islam8
Abstract
Background: Mitral Stenosis (MS) is the most common valve lesion in chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC) has emerged as an alternative to surgical intervention for the management of patients with isolated rheumatic MS. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC) in patients with isolated rheumatic mitral stenosis. Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in Department of Cardiology of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from May 2019 to April 2020 for a period of one (01) year. Total 30 patients with moderate to severe MS due to chronic rheumatic heart disease undergoing PTMC were included in this study. Results: In this study of 30 patients undergoing PTMC, the majority were aged 30-39 years (40%), with a mean age of 32.7 years. Females predominated (63.3%), with a female-to-male ratio of 1.7:1. Most patients were of normal weight (63.3%), with a mean BMI of 20.8 kg/m2. The severity of heart failure, assessed by NYHA class, was highest in class III (56.7%). Echocardiographic improvements post-PTMC were significant, with notable correlations between GLS and other cardiac parameters. Conclusions: This present study concludes that PTMC is a vital intervention in managing mitral stenosis, particularly in terms of functional improvement and symptom relief. The clinical and echocardiographic outcomes advocate for the continued use of PTMC as a key therapeutic strategy in suitable patients with mitral stenosis.
Clinical outcome, Echocardiographic Outcome, Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC), and Isolated Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis.
Md. Ariful Islam1*, Md. Maniruzzaman2, Khondokar Muhammad Abu Jalal3, Md. Tariq Hasan4, Mohammod Ali5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 32-39 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.4
Endoscopic Management of Foreign Bodies in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Experience from District Level Hospital of Bangladesh
Md. Ariful Islam1*, Md. Maniruzzaman2, Khondokar Muhammad Abu Jalal3, Md. Tariq Hasan4, Mohammod Ali5
Abstract
Background: Ingestion of Foreign body and impaction of food bolus are common emergency scenario. This scenario often needs endoscopic support or removal. Majority of foreign bodies can pass spontaneously, few of them like 10-15% may require endoscopic intervention. In this type of problem most widely recommended therapeutic measure is flexible endoscopy because it has minimal complications. The aim of this study is to report our clinical experiences in the endoscopic management of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in both children and adults. Material & Methods: We have reviewed cases of foreign body ingestion admitted in emergency of Kushtia Medical College hospital from October 2020 to October 2022. Apart from demographic data like age, sex data like type of FB, its location in gastrointestinal tract, treatment and outcome were also evaluated. Results: The study included a total of 56 participants. The majority of the participants (48.2%) were children within the age group of 0-16 years. Only a small proportion (8.9%) belonged to the age group of 17-40 years. The most common foreign body ingested is food particles, with a frequency of 26 (46.4%) of all cases. There were 40 (71.4%) cases where the foreign body was lodged in the esophagus. In 24 cases (42.9%), the foreign body was lodged in the upper part of the body. Conclusions: Considering the excellent treatment outcome, flexible endoscopy can be used as definitive treatment option for FB removal in district level hospital because it has excellent safety profile.
Foreign body, Endoscopic management, Esophageal stricture, Food bolus impaction, True foreign body
Makshoda Begum1*, Sarwar Mahboob2, Abu Sayed Mollah3, Jakaria Kabir4, Ayesha Sultana5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 40-47 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.5
Safety and Efficacy of Iron Chelators in Thalassemia Management with Ferritin Levels: A Prospective Observational Study
Makshoda Begum1*, Sarwar Mahboob2, Abu Sayed Mollah3, Jakaria Kabir4, Ayesha Sultana5
Abstract
Background: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes the body to produce less hemoglobin than normal. Alpha and beta thalassemia is caused due to the reduced or absent production of alpha and beta globin chains. Thalassemia is a treatable disorder that can be well-managed with chelation therapy. This prospective study aims to investigate the safety and effectiveness of Iron Chelators (deferoxamine, DFO and deferiprone, DFP) therapy in patients with beta-thalassemia major and increased serum ferritin. Material & Methods: A Prospective study was done at Tangail 250 Bed District Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 70 patients were selected as samples and were assessed from June 2022 to May 2023 (1 year). Iron chelators, deferoxamine (DFO) and deferiprone (DFP) were used to treat the patients. DFP was given orally at a daily dose of 60 mg/kg for 6 days a week, while DFO was given subcutaneously at a daily dose of 40-50 mg/kg for 4-6 days per week. The measurements of serum ferritin and 24-h urine iron excretion levels were used as the indicator of the efficacy and safety of this combined treatment. Results: Out of the 70 patients, 13 stopped taking DFO after an average of 4 months. However, 57 patients who continued to receive the combined therapy showed very satisfactory compliance. After an average of 11.6 months, their average serum ferritin levels decreased from 2637±1292 to 1580±1024 µg/ml (P = 0.002), and their average urinary iron excretion increased from 0.41±0.27 to 0.76±0.49 mg/24 h (P = 0.003). The observed side effects were gastrointestinal disorders, elevations in liver enzymes, mild neutropenia, joint symptoms, taste disorders, dizziness, and fatigue. Conclusions: The study showed that combined therapy with DFO and DFP is effective in reducing serum ferritin without significant toxicity.
Thalassemia, bthalassemia, iron chelators, deferoxamine, deferiprone
S.M Faisal Haque1*, Md. Wahidur Rahman2, Subir Hossain3, Md. Hamidul Islam4, Ashiq Ahmed5, Md. Zakaria Bin Hamid6, Uday Kumar Sarker7, Md Mostafizur Rahman8
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 48-57 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.6
Post-Operative Evaluation of Masquelet Technique for Treating Infected Non-Union of Femoral Shaft Fracture
S.M Faisal Haque1*, Md. Wahidur Rahman2, Subir Hossain3, Md. Hamidul Islam4, Ashiq Ahmed5, Md. Zakaria Bin Hamid6, Uday Kumar Sarker7, Md Mostafizur Rahman8
Abstract
Background: Femoral shaft fracture, particularly those complicated by infected non-union, poses significant challenges in orthopedic surgery. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Masquelet Technique (MT) in treating such fractures, focusing on patient demographics, fracture characteristics, management strategies, and post-treatment outcome. Material & Methods: This prospective experimental study included 12 patients treated at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Dhaka, from May 2019 to August 2021. Participants predominantly comprised of young adults, with a male majority. The study assessed the type of fractures, fixation methods used (primarily the SIGN Nail), and the interval for applying the MT. Bone gap size, limb length discrepancy (LLD), complications, and bone and functional outcomes were meticulously recorded and analyzed. Results: In this study, 75% of the fractures were closed and predominantly resulted from road traffic accidents, which accounted for 83.33% of the cases. The most frequent bone gap range was 2.51-3.0 cm, observed in 41.67% of the participants, with an average gap size of 3 cm. Limb Length Discrepancy (LLD) ranging from 1 to 2.4 cm was experienced by 58.33% of the participants. While two-thirds (66.67%) of the participants did not develop any post-treatment complications, 33.33% experienced knee stiffness and 16.67% suffered from pin tract infections. A significant majority, 66.67%, achieved ‘Excellent’ outcomes in both bone union and functional recovery. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Masquelet Technique in managing femoral shaft fractures, particularly in achieving satisfactory bone and functional outcomes. Despite the challenges in managing large bone gaps and LLD, the technique showed promising results in terms of minimizing complications and enhancing recovery.
Femoral Shaft Fractures, Masquelet Technique, Bone Gap, Limb Length Discrepancy.
Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Unilateral DDH Between one to Three Years Old Children
Ashiq Ahmed1*, Shyamal Chandra Debnath2, Manash Chandra Sarker3, Najmatun Jikria4, Md. Sanaul Huq5, Md. Zakir Hossain6, Tapas Mandal7, S.M Faisal Haque8
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 58-65 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.7
Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Unilateral DDH Between one to Three Years Old Children
Ashiq Ahmed1*, Shyamal Chandra Debnath2, Manash Chandra Sarker3, Najmatun Jikria4, Md. Sanaul Huq5, Md. Zakir Hossain6, Tapas Mandal7, S.M Faisal Haque8
Abstract
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) refers to a wide range of anatomical hip abnormalities, including fixed irreducible dislocation and subtle dysplasia. This study evaluates the clinical and radiological outcome of open surgical treatment of unilateral DDH in children aged 1 to 3 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of open surgical treatment of unilateral DDH in children aged 1 to 3 years. Material & Methods: This prospective observational study evaluated the outcome of open surgical treatment of unilateral DDH in children aged 1 to 3 years, who underwent surgery at NITOR and Green Life Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from May 2019 to February 2021. The children were selected by purposive non-random sampling and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on their age, diagnosis, and previous treatment. The data was presented on categorical scale as frequency and corresponding percentage, while the quantitative data was presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). Results: The study was evaluated the outcome of open surgical treatment of unilateral DDH in 25 children aged between 1 to 3 years old (17 females and 8 males). The results showed that the treatment was effective in reducing the acetabular index and increasing the centre edge angle in most cases, with a statistically significant difference between the pre-operative and post-operative values. The final outcome was satisfactory (excellent to good) in 22 (88.00%) cases and unsatisfactory (poor) in 3 (12.00%) cases, based on both clinical and radiological criteria. The mean values of the pre-operative and post-operative acetabular index were 35.88 and 27.64, respectively, while the mean value of the post-operative centre edge angle was 22.04±4.400. Conclusions: It can be concluded that, young children having DDH can safely be treated with an open reduction with satisfactory result in short-term follow up.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Open surgical treatment, Acetabulum, McKay criteria, Severin classification
Comparative Analysis of Tympanoplasty Techniques: A Focus on Cortical Mastoidectomy
Ahsanuzzaman Khan1*, Mohammad Kamal Hossain2, Md Tauhidul Islam3, Muhammad Ali Azad4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 66-72 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.8
Comparative Analysis of Tympanoplasty Techniques: A Focus on Cortical Mastoidectomy
Ahsanuzzaman Khan1*, Mohammad Kamal Hossain2, Md Tauhidul Islam3, Muhammad Ali Azad4
Abstract
Background: The surgical procedure of tympanoplasty, either together with or instead of cortical mastoidectomy, is a concern with controversy among otolaryngologists. According to one theory, it is advantageous to combine cortical mastoidectomy with type I tympanoplasty in wet or discharging ears. Another viewpoint contends that in the tubotympanic variant of CSOM, cortical mastoidectomy in conjunction with type-I tympanoplasty has no appreciable impact on surgical results in any condition of the dry or wet ear. Material & Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study was carried out on 258 patients with uncomplicated tubotympanic variant chronic suppurative otitis media between July 2003 and July 2013. The patients’ ages ranged from 18 to 55 years old. Group I consisted of 140 patients (54%) with a history of ear discharge, while Group II consisted of 118 patients (46%) who had no complaints of ear discharge within the three months before surgery. 50% of each group underwent tympanoplasty type-I alone, and the other half experienced tympanoplasty type-I with a cortical mastoidectomy. Results: Only the tympanoplasty surgery (n=70) out of 140 patients with discharging ears resulted in effective graft taking in 62 patients (88.6%) and the achievement of a hearing level within 20dB in 57 patients (81.4%). Following tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy (n = 70), 61 patients (87%) had effective graft taking, and 56 patients (80%) had postoperative hearing levels below 20 dB. Of the 118 patients with dry ears, only the tympanoplasty operation (n=59) produced a successful graft in 54 patients (91.5%), and 48 patients (81.36%) were able to obtain a postoperative hearing level within 20 dB. 53 patients (89.8%) had successful graft taking after tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy (n = 59), and 47 patients (79.7%) had postoperative hearing levels within 20 dB. Conclusions: The necessity and efficacy of cortical mastoidectomy in type-I tympanoplasty for uncomplicated chronic suppurative otitis media, regardless of its dry or discharging status, has not been conclusively established.
Chronic suppurative otitis media, (CSOM), Tubotympanic type, Pure tone audiometry, Tympanometry, Graft take, Air-bone gap.
A H M Tharakul Mazid1*, M A Hassan Chy2, A.H.M. Thafikul Mazid3, Minhazul Hoque4, Md Faruq5, Nirnoy Paul6, Parijat Biswas7, Rubaiat Sabrin8, Afsana Akter9
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 73-80 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.9
Seropositivity, Sociodemographic Status and Risk Factors of HBV& HCV among Rohingya-Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals and Their Accompanying Relatives
A H M Tharakul Mazid1*, M A Hassan Chy2, A.H.M. Thafikul Mazid3, Minhazul Hoque4, Md Faruq5, Nirnoy Paul6, Parijat Biswas7, Rubaiat Sabrin8, Afsana Akter9
Abstract
Background: Forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals (FDMN) migrated popularly known as Rohingya migrated to Bangladesh which has become an overburden for an already overpopulated country like Bangladesh. On the other hand, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C infections are major health problems globally. Every year many new infections are being reported worldwide. This study aimed to assess the seropositivity, sociodemographic status, and risk factors of HBV& HCV among Rohingya-forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals and their accompanying relatives. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Gynecology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh, from May 2017 to January 2018. A total of 200 patients were selected as study subjects by purposive nonprobability sampling method. Data were collected in a preformed questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was done in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS –IBM version 20. Results: A majority of the patients (111, 55.5%) were in the 25-50 years of age group. The median age of the study subjects was 29.50 years (range 8-80 years) (Mean 33.1±14.83 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 4.26:1. Regarding the presence of risk factors for getting HBV, HCV infections, the most prevalent factors were H/O circumcision (81%) and ear pricking (11.5%). Only 1.5% and 1% of patients had a history of unsafe sexual exposure and blood transfusion respectively. All of the 200 subjects were tested for HBV and HCV. Results showed that 13 patients (6.5%) and 15 patients (7.5%) were seropositive for HBV and HCV, respectively. Conclusions: This study concludes that forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals have a high frequency of seropositivity for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Among them Hepatitis B virus is the most prevalent infection. This study also indicates that a history of unsafe sexual exposure and a history of unhygienic blood transfusion possess statistically significant associations with HBV and HCV seropositivity respectively.
Seropositivity, HBV, HCV, Forcibly displaced, Myanmar national (FDMN).
Kapil Rampal1, Parampreet Singh Sandhu2, Garima Mal3, Pargat Singh4, Meghna Sharma5*, Sudhir Khichy6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 81-88 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.10
Study of Clinical Profile of Patients with Surgical Site Infections in Operated Cases of Perforation Peritonitis
Kapil Rampal1, Parampreet Singh Sandhu2, Garima Mal3, Pargat Singh4, Meghna Sharma5*, Sudhir Khichy6
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are defined as infections occurring till 30 days after surgery (till one year after surgery in patients having implants) and involving the incision or deep tissue at the surgical site. SSIs are an important clinical issue and contribute to both post operative mortality and morbidity. The incidence of SSIs has been reported to be high as 20%. Material & Methods: It is a retrospective observational study conducted in our surgical unit of a tertiary care centre. A total of 520 patient records were analyzed. Out of these 98 patients were found to have SSI and were included in the study. Results: SSI patients presented with various clinical attributes. Discharge from the wound was present in 100% patients out of which 51% patients had discharge from infra umbilical area and 36.7% had discharge from only supra umbilical area. Fever was present in 28.6% of patients and pain was present in 33.7% patients 30% patients had history of alcohol intake and 22.4% had history of intravenous drug abuse. 46.9% patients of SSI had small intestine as the site of perforation and 40.9% had stomach and duodenum as the site of perforation.67.3% patients had BMI above 30kg/m2. 75.5% patients were from lower socioeconomic status(as per modified Kuppuswamy scale 2021). 56% patients were female and 44% were male. 55% patients were from urban areas whereas 45% were from rural background 28.6% patients were less than 30years of age and 22.4% were above 60 years of age. Conclusions: Many of the risk factors for SSI are modifiable and a concerted effort by the patient and physician surgeon can improve outcomes.
SSIs, Surgery, Perforation Peritonitis
Assessment of IL-6, Serum Ferritin Levels and their Co-relation with Severity of Carcinoma Breast
Kapil Rampal1, Heena Singla2, Parampreet Singh Sandhu3, Manish Kumar4*, Garima Mal5, Akshit Singla6, Meghna Sharma7, Sudhir Khichy8
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-10, Issue-2 | March-April 2024 | Page: 89-95 | DOI – https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.2.11
Assessment of IL-6, Serum Ferritin Levels and their Co-relation with Severity of Carcinoma Breast
Kapil Rampal1, Heena Singla2, Parampreet Singh Sandhu3, Manish Kumar4*, Garima Mal5, Akshit Singla6, Meghna Sharma7, Sudhir Khichy8
Abstract
Background: Carcinoma Breast is the second most common carcinoma in females. The incidence of carcinoma breast is 19-34%. There are various inflammatory markers which have shown prognostic value in cancers. Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays role in tumour progression by promoting tumour cell growth via up-regulating anti-apoptotic and angiogenic proteins. Ferritin is a positive acute phase reactant which is synthesised in liver. Higher serum ferritin levels in carcinoma breast are associated with poor outcome. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of General Surgery, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot for a period of 18 months on 60 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma breast. Results: In our study maximum patient i.e 14 (23%) belonged to stage IV of carcinoma breast. Raised serum IL-6 was associated significantly with metastasis. It was observed that the levels of IL-6 progressive increased in each stage of carcinoma breast. It was observed that there was significant rise in serum ferritin with metastasis, however, serum ferritin did not follow any specific trend from stage to stage. Conclusions: Serum IL-6 levels provides a simple, convenient objective test that can be used to determine the extent of carcinoma disease and thus may be used as a prognostic indicator in patients of carcinoma breast. Serum ferritin levels can be used as a marker to determine advanced metastatic carcinoma breast.
IL-6, Carcinoma Breast, Surgery.
