Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Sharmin Afroz , Sehereen F. Siddiqua, Sharmin Sultana, Waliza Rukhsana Hoque
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 1-6 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.1
The impact of laparoscopic myomectomy on fertility and obstetric outcome in comparison with abdominal myomectomy
Sharmin Afroz , Sehereen F. Siddiqua, Sharmin Sultana, Waliza Rukhsana Hoque
Abstract
Background: Leiomyomas, commonly known as uterine fibroids, represent a prevalent and clinically significant
pathology within the gynecological domain, impacting approximately 70% of the female population before
menopause. These benign myometrial neoplasms are implicated in different clinical presentations such as
menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and increased urinary frequency, which compromise the quality of life.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) versus
abdominal myomectomy (AM) in infertile patients, in restoring fertility, and to evaluate the obstetric outcomes.
Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
Anwer Khan Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 80 patients of
reproductive age, with anamnesis of infertility, underwent myomectomy because of the presence of at least one
large myoma (diameter ≥5 cm). Patients were randomly selected for treatment by LM (n = 38) or AM (n = 42). The
questionnaire was pre-tested, corrected, and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews and analyzed
by appropriate computer-based programming software, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 24.
Results: The total number of myomata was 2.93 ± 1.51 and 2.69 ± 1.89. The number of large myomata was 1.05 ± 0.32 and 1.23 ± 0.41. The size of large myomata was 7.12 ± 2.41 cm and 7.62 ± 2.23 cm. Subserosal myomata were 8 (21.05%) and 11 (26.19%), intramural myomata were 31 (81.57%) and 38 (90.47%), respectively. All patients underwent LM antibiotic prophylaxis (ampicillin 2 g i.m.). The post-operative hospital stay was significantly longer
after AM inasmuch as both techniques were used in cases of laparoconversion (n = 2), they were not included in the statistical analysis of fertility. A total of 34 patients in group 1 and 37 patients in group 2 tried to become pregnant after surgery. In group 1, there were 17 deliveries. Vaginal delivery occurred in 5 (29.4%) women, whereas 11 (64.7%) underwent cesarean section. Moreover, two cases of preterm delivery (at 34 and 35 weeks) and three cases of fetal distress during labor required a cesarean section.
Conclusion: This study shows that LM has well-known benefits, such as a shorter hospital stay and better postoperative
outcome, and may produce comparable results to laparotomic myomectomy in terms of restoring fertility
and pregnancy success.
Abdominal myomectomy, fertility outcome, laparoscopic myomectomy, obstetric outcome
Mridha Mohammad Shahinuzzaman1 , Shahana Ahmed2, Mamun Morshed1, Mahadi Masud3, Mohammad Fazlul Huq1
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 7-12 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.2
Serum sodium levels and their association with complication frequency in liver cirrhosis patients in Bangladesh
Mridha Mohammad Shahinuzzaman1 , Shahana Ahmed2, Mamun Morshed1, Mahadi Masud3, Mohammad Fazlul Huq1
Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a major health issue, often complicated by hyponatremia and other clinical manifestations, such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and varices. Hyponatremia, a common electrolyte disturbance in cirrhosis, is closely linked to disease severity and worsened outcomes. This study aimed to explore the association between serum sodium levels and complications in liver cirrhosis patients in Bangladesh.
Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital (SBMCH), Barisal, Bangladesh. A total of 80 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and
ascites were included. Serum sodium levels were categorized into three groups: <130 mEq/L, 131–135 mEq/L, and >135 mEq/L. Clinical complications, including ascites, HE, and esophageal varices, were recorded and analyzed based on the severity of hyponatremia.
Results: The study revealed that the majority of patients (49.4%) had serum sodium levels >135 mEq/L, with 26.3%
of patients exhibiting hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L). Hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L) was significantly associated with
more severe complications, particularly ascites and HE. Patients with higher serum sodium levels (>135 mEq/L)
had less severe ascites and HE. Esophageal varices did not show a strong association with sodium levels, though they remained prevalent in 75% of the cohort.
Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of serum sodium in determining the severity of complications in liver cirrhosis. Lower serum sodium levels were consistently linked to severe ascites, HE, and poor clinical outcomes. Regular monitoring of serum sodium is essential for optimizing management and improving patient
prognosis in cirrhosis.
Bangladesh, clinical complications, hepatic encephalopathy, hyponatremia, liver cirrhosis, serum sodium
Md Sajid Salman Hamid1 , Dipak Mitra2, Shimonti Shithi Sharmin3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 13-20 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.3
Patterns of substance abuse and their sociodemographic correlates: A study from rehabilitation centers in Bangladesh
Md Sajid Salman Hamid1 , Dipak Mitra2, Shimonti Shithi Sharmin3
Abstract
Background: Substance abuse is a significant public health challenge affecting millions globally, with
approximately 284 million people affected. In Bangladesh, despite various governmental and non-governmental efforts to combat this issue, substance abuse remains a growing concern. Understanding the sociodemographic factors that contribute to substance abuse is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the patterns of substance abuse and identify the sociodemographic correlates among individuals seeking treatment at rehabilitation centers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for this study. Data were collected from 146 individuals attending two rehabilitation centers in Dhaka from December 2019 to March 2020. Participants were
selected using a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, substance use patterns, and drug administration methods.
Results: The study found that substance abuse was most common among younger individuals, with 41.8% of participants aged 26–30 years. Educationally, a significant proportion of respondents had only primary (37.0%) or secondary (34.9%) education. Unemployment (48.6%) was strongly linked to substance abuse, and most participants (67.2%) had a family income between 1,000 and 10,000 BDT/month. Cannabis was the most frequently abused
substance (84.9%), and smoking was the predominant method of administration (56.2%). A substantial proportion
of respondents (58.9%) reported using more than one drug.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of sociodemographic factors such as age, education, employment status, and family income in shaping substance use patterns in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that targeted
interventions addressing these sociodemographic factors are essential for the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies in the Bangladeshi context.
Bangladesh, rehabilitation centers, sociodemographic factors, substance abuse
Sultana Begum1, Sajani Islam2, Mohammad Bablu Mia3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 21-25 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.4
Maternal and fetal risks associated with pre-mature rupture of membranes: Implications for neonatal health
Sultana Begum1, Sajani Islam2, Mohammad Bablu Mia3
Abstract
Background: Pre-mature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a critical obstetric condition characterized by spontaneous membrane rupture before labor onset, affecting 2–8% of pregnancies. This phenomenon can lead
to significant maternal and neonatal complications, including increased risks of infection, pre-term delivery, and potential adverse health outcomes for both mother and child.
Objectives: To investigate the maternal and fetal risks associated with PROM and its implications for neonatal
health in a tertiary care hospital setting.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College over 6 months,
involving 100 consecutive cases. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, with gestational age (GA) determined through multiple methods. Membrane rupture was diagnosed via sterile speculum examination and confirmed through ultrasonography.
Results: The study of 100 participants revealed a predominantly young adult sample, with 66% aged 21–30 years and a mean age of 27 ± 0.58 years. Economically, 57.0% earned over 10,000 taka monthly, 39.0% earned 5,000–10,000 taka, and only 4.0% earned below 5,000 taka. Parity distribution showed 59.0% multigravida and 41.0% primigravida. GA analysis indicated most PROM cases occurred at 41–42 weeks (56.0%), followed by 37–40 weeks (24.0%), 34–37 weeks (11.0%), and 28–34 weeks (9.0%). Past obstetric history showed that 22.0% had previous PROM, 9.0%
experienced pre-term labor, and 10.0% had prior abortions. Regarding sexual activity, 45.0% of PROM cases occurred 48 h to 1 week after intercourse. Membrane rupture to delivery intervals varied, with 63.0% experiencing rupture for over 24 h. Neonatal outcomes indicated that 60.0% had no morbidity, while 40.0% experienced complications,
primarily neonatal jaundice (17%), neonatal infections (12%), and a neonatal death rate of 5%.
Conclusion: This study highlights the complex nature of PROM, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring and further large-scale research. The findings underscore the importance of early detection, careful
management, and continued investigation to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Maternal risks, neonatal health, obstetrics, pregnancy complications, pre-mature rupture of membranes, pre-mature rupture of membranes
Single stage bilateral total hip replacement new era of government hospital in Bangladesh
Md. Iftekharul Alam1, Mohsin Hasan Samrat2, Rakibul Hasan3, Muhammad Hasnat4, Asit Baran Dam4, Emdadul Hoque Bhuyan4, Kazi Mohammad Hannanur Rahman5, Mostakim Billah6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 26-31 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.5
Single stage bilateral total hip replacement new era of government hospital in Bangladesh
Md. Iftekharul Alam1, Mohsin Hasan Samrat2, Rakibul Hasan3, Muhammad Hasnat4, Asit Baran Dam4, Emdadul Hoque Bhuyan4, Kazi Mohammad Hannanur Rahman5, Mostakim Billah6
Abstract
Background: Single-stage bilateral total hip replacement (THR) is an advanced surgical technique aimed at addressing severe bilateral hip degeneration. It offers improved mobility, pain relief, and functional recovery in a single operative session, reducing the need for multiple hospitalizations and rehabilitation periods. This procedure is particularly
valuable for patients with advanced bilateral hip disease who may face challenges associated with undergoing two separate surgeries. However, its success depends on meticulous surgical planning and perioperative management. This study evaluates the functional outcomes, safety, and feasibility of implementing single-stage bilateral THR in a government hospital setting in Bangladesh, where access to advanced orthopedic care is often limited.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Bangladesh, including 25 patients (50 hips) with severe hip degeneration who underwent singlestage
bilateral THR. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Harris Hip score (HHS) pre-operatively and
at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Post-operative complications and their management were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 26, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.
Results: The mean pre-operative HHS of 32.13 ± 3.64, reflecting poor hip function, significantly improved to 85.23 ± 7.62 post-operatively (P < 0.05). Outcomes were excellent in 44%, good in 28%, fair in 20%, and poor in 8% of hips. Complications included one superficial infection (2.5%) and three femoral fractures (7.5%), all managed successfully. No dislocations, thromboembolic events, or significant bleeding were
reported.
Conclusion: Single-stage bilateral THR in a government hospital setting is a safe, effective, and accessible intervention for advanced hip degeneration. The procedure yields significant functional improvements with
minimal complications, demonstrating its potential to transform orthopedic care in resource-limited settings, such as Bangladesh.
Bangladesh, Harris Hip score, orthopedic surgery, single-stage bilateral total hip replacement
Reconstruction of orofacial defects using the anterolateral thigh free flap: A clinical and
functional evaluation
Abul Hossan1 , Munshi Ahmed Hossain2 , Ali Azim Muhammad Nafis3 , Md. Monir Uddin-Al Hafiz1 , Durdana Firoz Khan1 , Md. Khorsed Alam4 , Abdulla Al Mamun5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 32-40 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.6
Reconstruction of orofacial defects using the anterolateral thigh free flap: A clinical and
functional evaluation
Abul Hossan1 , Munshi Ahmed Hossain2 , Ali Azim Muhammad Nafis3 , Md. Monir Uddin-Al Hafiz1 , Durdana Firoz Khan1 , Md. Khorsed Alam4 , Abdulla Al Mamun5
Abstract
Background: Reconstruction of orofacial defects poses significant surgical challenges due to anatomical complexity and functional requirements. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap has emerged as a reliable reconstructive option; however, data from resource-limited settings like Bangladesh remain scarce.
Objective: This study clinically and functionally evaluates outcomes of ALT flap reconstruction in patients undergoing oncologic resection of orofacial defects.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 40 patients undergoing ALT flap reconstruction. Outcomes included flap survival, complication rates, functional recovery (oral diet resumption, speech, and swallowing), and patient-reported quality of life at 6 months postoperatively. Logistic regression identified predictors of early functional recovery.
Results: Mean patient age was 56.3 ± 9.2 years; most patients were male (60%) with a significant smoking history (65%). Complete flap success occurred in 95%, with partial necrosis and revision surgery in 5%. At 6 months, 70% reported good oral function, 75% clear speech, 65% esthetic satisfaction, and 60% successful social reintegration. Early oral diet resumption was achieved in 75%. Logistic regression indicated increased age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, P = 0.01), smoking (OR = 0.30, P = 0.02), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.22, P = 0.04) as significant predictors of delayed recovery.
Conclusion: ALT flap reconstruction demonstrates high reliability and favorable functional outcomes in orofacial defect reconstruction. Factors such as older age, smoking, and diabetes should inform patient counseling and perioperative management strategies
Anterolateral thigh free flap, Bangladesh, functional recovery, orofacial reconstruction, quality of life
Abul Hossan1 , Munshi Ahmed Hossain2 , Ali Azim Muhammad Nafis3 , Md. Monir Uddin-Al-Hafiz1 , Durdana Firoz Khan1 , Md. Khorsed Alam4 , Abdulla Al Mamun5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 41-47 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.7
Soft-tissue reconstruction of the maxillofacial region with radial forearm free flap: A comprehensive study
Abul Hossan1 , Munshi Ahmed Hossain2 , Ali Azim Muhammad Nafis3 , Md. Monir Uddin-Al-Hafiz1 , Durdana Firoz Khan1 , Md. Khorsed Alam4 , Abdulla Al Mamun5
Abstract
Background: Reconstruction of maxillofacial soft-tissue abnormalities using a radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has become a recognized technique. In this study, the outcomes of RFFF reconstruction in relation to success rates, functional outcomes, and patient satisfaction are evaluated, and risk factors for complications are identified.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 40 patients who had RFFF reconstruction for maxillofacial defects. The inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years with soft-tissue defects that needed reconstruction. Data were collected on demographics, tumor details, surgical information, complications, and functional outcomes. Statistical analysis was done on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v26, and Chi-square tests and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to determine risk factors.
Results: A total of 40 patients were included in the study, comprising 23 males (57.5%) and 17 females (42.5%), with 45% being found to be aged between 30 and 50 years. Smoking history was noted in 55% of the patients. Intraoral defects accounted for 45% of the cases, and flap size (≤5 cm) was used in 100% of the reconstructions. Flap survival was achieved in 92.5% of cases, with good functional outcomes achieved in 65% for speech and 60% for swallowing. The patient satisfaction was satisfactory in 70% of the patients. In Cox regression analysis, smoking (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, P = 0.005), large defect size (HR 2.50, P = 0.002), age >50 years (HR 1.75, P = 0.018), and tumor site (oral cavity) (HR 1.65, P = 0.030) were identified as significant risk factors for complications.
Conclusion: RFFF reconstruction has demonstrated high success rates and functional outcomes for maxillofacial defects. Cessation of smoking, careful patient selection, and consideration of defect size are essential for optimal outcomes. Low patient dissatisfaction supports RFFF as a reasonable reconstructive option.
Maxillofacial, radial forearm free flap, reconstructive surgery
Tanjima Yeasmin Liza1 , Faria Tilat Tima2 , Abhishek Debnath3 , Md Tanshed Arafat4 , Trishna Rani Sen5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 48-54 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.8
Comparative analysis of retinopathy of prematurity staging and zone distribution in single versus multiple birth preterm neonates
Tanjima Yeasmin Liza1 , Faria Tilat Tima2 , Abhishek Debnath3 , Md Tanshed Arafat4 , Trishna Rani Sen5
Abstract
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of preventable childhood blindness. Differences in ROP staging and zone distribution between single and multiple birth neonates remain understudied, especially in low-resource settings. This study aimed to compare the staging and zone distribution of ROP among single and multiple-birth preterm neonates in Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 82 preterm neonates (gestational age ≤35 weeks, birth weight ≤2000 g), categorized into two groups: single birth (Group A) and multiple birth neonates (Group B). Neonates underwent ophthalmic examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy. ROP was classified by stages (1–5) and zones (I–III). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23, employing Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Student’s t-tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.
Results: Demographic characteristics, including age, birth weight, gestational age, and gender, were similar between groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in ROP staging distribution between groups (P > 0.05), though Stage 2 ROP occurred more frequently in multiple births (63.4% vs. 43.9%, P = 0.076). However, significant differences emerged in ROP zone distribution, with Zone II ROP being significantly more prevalent in multiples (65.9% vs. 31.7%, P = 0.002) and Zone III more common in singletons (58.5% vs. 29.3%, P = 0.008).
Conclusion: Multiple birth neonates had significantly higher Zone II ROP prevalence, whereas single birth neonates exhibited more Zone III involvement. Tailored screening protocols considering birth plurality may enhance early ROP detection and improve neonatal ophthalmic outcomes.
Multiple births, preterm neonates, retinopathy of prematurity, retinopathy of prematurity staging,
zone distribution
Md. Mamunur Rahman1 , Mir Jamal Uddin2 , Abdul Momen3 , Tasnoma Siddiquee4 , Md. Ahasanul Haque Razib1 , Mohammad Ataullah1 , Mohammad Abdul Gaffar5 , Md. Afjal Hossain6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 55-60 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.9
Comparison of vascular complications between Combo technique and conventional 6 Fr catheter in transradial percutaneous coronary intervention: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
Md. Mamunur Rahman1 , Mir Jamal Uddin2 , Abdul Momen3 , Tasnoma Siddiquee4 , Md. Ahasanul Haque Razib1 , Mohammad Ataullah1 , Mohammad Abdul Gaffar5 , Md. Afjal Hossain6
Abstract
Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be performed via radial or femoral access, with the radial route now preferred due to fewer complications and better outcomes. The recently introduced Combo technique, a modification of the mother-and-child method, aims to further reduce radial access-related complications. This study aimed to compare vascular complications during PCI in this newer Combo technique with a conventional 6 Fr guide catheter through a transradial approach.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2020 to June 2021. Study subjects were divided into two groups: Group I, transradial PCI using the Combo technique and Group II, transradial PCI using the conventional 6 Fr guide catheter technique, and in each group, 64 patients were included. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 24.0.
Result: In this study of 128 patients undergoing PCI, the majority were aged 51–60 years, with a mean age of 52.60 ± 7.3 years in Group I and 51.89 ± 8.5 years in Group II (P = 0.608). Males predominated (89.8%), with an even gender distribution across the groups. Underlying diagnoses such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina were similarly distributed between the groups (P = 0.857). Complication rates were generally comparable, except for radial artery spasm, which was significantly more frequent in the conventional 6 Fr group (28.1%) than in the Combo technique group (12.5%) (P = 0.047).
Conclusion: PCI via the transradial approach is now preferred for its superior safety and faster recovery. This study highlights the Combo technique as a simple, cost-effective, and readily available alternative that significantly reduces radial artery spasm and shows a trend toward fewer hematomas compared to the conventional 6 Fr system.
6 Fr catheter, Combo technique, transradial percutaneous coronary intervention, vascular
complications
Shamsul Arafin1 , Sushil Kumar Ray2 , Jannatul Sharmin Joarder3 , A. S. M. Rowshon Alam4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 61-67 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.10
Assessment of fatigue among aircrew of Bangladesh air force using multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form
Shamsul Arafin1 , Sushil Kumar Ray2 , Jannatul Sharmin Joarder3 , A. S. M. Rowshon Alam4
Abstract
Background: Whether arising from operational obligations or other factors, fatigue poses a significant and immediate threat to combatants in general and military pilots specifically. The most serious problem is the possibility of performance decrement as a direct consequence. The fatigue level among the aircrew of Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) is yet to be measured. This study was designed to evaluate the fatigue level present among the aircrew and a comparison with ground support personnel.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medical Squadron of BAF Base Bashar (Flight surgeon office), Dhaka from December 2024 to March 2025. Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory- short form, comprising thirty questionnaires served as the tool for the purpose of this research. 120 aircrew and ground support members of either sex were selected randomly from various air bases for this research.
Results: The levels of fatigue among the personnel were statistically significant, with 50% of the transport aircrew, 33.33% of the fighter aircrew, 46.47% of the helicopter aircrew, 81.81% of the air traffic control (ATC) personnel and 63.63% of the other ground support personnel are experiencing it. ATC and ground support personnel group exhibited a substantially higher level of total fatigue in all of its subscales (general, physical, emotional, and mental with the exception of vigor than the aircrew group. The pilots of different types of aircraft were similar to one another regarding their overall fatigue scores.
Conclusion: This study highlights the significant prevalence of fatigue among both aircrew and, notably, ground support personnel within the BAF. Ground support staff and ATC personnel demonstrate higher fatigue levels than aircrew, challenging existing perceptions. Younger, less experienced pilots also show increased susceptibility. Implementing structured duty-rest cycles and targeted interventions remains paramount to safeguarding operational effectiveness and ensuring the well-being of the entire force.
Aircrew, multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form, Bangladesh Air Force
Md Farhan Matin1 , Tazin Afrose Shah2 , Sofaira Sadeka1 , Md Anarul Islam3 , Md Moinul Hassan4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 68-73 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.11
Correlation between pulmonary computed tomography severity scores and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A study from a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh
Md Farhan Matin1 , Tazin Afrose Shah2 , Sofaira Sadeka1 , Md Anarul Islam3 , Md Moinul Hassan4
Abstract
Introduction: The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) severity scoring offers a semi-quantitative approach to evaluate the extent of lung involvement, which may correlate with clinical outcomes. This study aims to assess the correlation between pulmonary CT severity scores (CTSSs) and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh from January to December 2021, including 90 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction –confirmed COVID-19 patients who underwent chest CT within 5 days of admission. Adults aged ≥18 years with complete clinical and imaging data were included. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences 26.0.
Results: Patients with severe CTSS had a markedly increased need for oxygen therapy (93.1%), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (72.4%), and mechanical ventilation (58.6%), and showed higher mortality (37.9%) compared to those with mild or moderate scores. A CTSS cut-off of ≥18 effectively predicted mortality with high sensitivity (86.7%) and specificity (86.2%). Significant correlations were also observed between CTSS and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer) and lower oxygen saturation at admission.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant correlation between pulmonary CTSSs and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Higher CTSSs were strongly associated with increased need for oxygen therapy, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospital stay, and mortality.
Clinical outcomes, coronavirus disease 2019, computed tomography severity score, pulmonary
computed tomography
Shafinaz Mehzabin1 , Kamrun Nahar2 , Sumona Parvin1 , Mohammad Mahbub Elahi3 , Sharmin Hussain4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 74-79 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.12
Group B streptococcal infection, neonatal sepsis, and hospital stay in term premature rupture of membranes: Insights from a controlled trial of induction versus conservative management
Shafinaz Mehzabin1 , Kamrun Nahar2 , Sumona Parvin1 , Mohammad Mahbub Elahi3 , Sharmin Hussain4
Abstract
Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a significant obstetric complication that can lead to increased risks for both maternal and neonatal health, including infections and prolonged hospital stays. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnant women with PROM is a known risk factor for neonatal sepsis. This study aims to compare the outcomes of early induction versus conservative management in terms of PROM.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health, Dhaka, from March 2012 to February 2013. One hundred PROM patients were selected through convenient sampling. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences, with statistical tests including percentage, frequency, mean ± standard deviation, and Chi-square. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study of 100-term PROM cases, GBS colonization was higher in the conservative group (30%) compared to the induction group (16%), and neonatal infection among GBS-positive mothers was significantly lower in the induction group (50%) versus 100% in the conservative group. Although not statistically significant, the induction group also showed a trend toward shorter hospital stays (4.1 ± 2.2 vs. 5.1 ± 3.7 days).
Conclusion: The induction group demonstrated a lower rate of neonatal infection among GBS-positive mothers (50% vs. 100%) and a trend toward shorter hospital stays (4.1 ± 2.2 vs. 5.1 ± 3.7 days), although not statistically significant. These findings suggest that early induction in term PROM cases may reduce neonatal infectious morbidity and overall hospitalization duration, supporting its consideration as a proactive management strategy in similar clinical settings.
Hospital stay, neonatal sepsis, streptococcal infection, term premature rupture of membranes
Association of maternal mitochondrial DNA copy numbers with preeclampsia
Shafinaz Mehzabin1 , Nahreen Akhtar2 , Tabassum Parveen2 , Syeda Sayeeda2 , Fatima Wahid2 , Sharmin Ferdous2 , Mohammad Mahbub Elahi3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 80-88 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.13
Association of maternal mitochondrial DNA copy numbers with preeclampsia
Shafinaz Mehzabin1 , Nahreen Akhtar2 , Tabassum Parveen2 , Syeda Sayeeda2 , Fatima Wahid2 , Sharmin Ferdous2 , Mohammad Mahbub Elahi3
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertension disorder of pregnancy that affects 2–10% of pregnancies worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence in Bangladesh (14.4%). While the etiology is unclear, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been suggested by evidence. This study aimed to investigate the association of maternal mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and PE in Bangladeshi women.
Methods: Fifty-one preeclamptic patients and 51 age- and gestational age-matched (20–40 weeks) normotensive pregnant controls at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University were taken in this case–control study. Peripheral blood samples were collected for DNA extraction, and mtDNA-CN was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction based on the ratio of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase-1 gene and nuclear hemoglobin subunit β gene. Optimal cut-off points were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to assess PE risk.
Results: Preeclamptic women had significantly higher mean mtDNA-CN (82.1 ± 80.3) than controls (44.7 ± 25.5, P = 0.002) with greater heterogeneity among the PE group (range: 11.0–404.5 vs. 4.3–128.8). In ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.688 (P < 0.001) with an optimal cut-off >45, which was equivalent to 68.6% sensitivity and 58.8% specificity. Women with mtDNA-CN >45 had three-fold greater PE odds (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.4–7.0, P = 0.005), with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 63.7%.
Conclusion: This investigation exhibited a strong link between high maternal mtDNA-CN and PE in Bangladeshi women. The results implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in PE pathophysiology and suggest the usefulness of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker. Studies involving larger populations are necessary to confirm the findings and determine mtDNA-CN’s predictive potential before the clinical onset of PE.
Bangladesh, biomarker, mitochondrial DNA copy number, oxidative stress, preeclampsia
Saurabh Agnihotri1 , Naveen Kumar Singh2 , Nalina Gupta3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 89-94 |https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.14
Impact of age on effectiveness of online versus offline group rehabilitation in knee osteoarthritis patients: A secondary analysis
Saurabh Agnihotri1 , Naveen Kumar Singh2 , Nalina Gupta3
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability in older adults. Telerehabilitation offers an alternative to in-person physiotherapy but may vary in effectiveness across age groups. This secondary analysis explored the impact of age on outcomes following online versus offline group rehabilitation in knee OA patients.
Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 160 participants (30–75 years) with Kellgren and Lawrence grade I–III knee OA. Participants were randomized into online (n = 76) and offline (n = 84) group rehabilitation programs, stratified into three age groups (30–45, 46–60, and 61–75 years). The intervention consisted of thrice-weekly lower-limb strengthening exercises over 6 weeks. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) and physical function Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index (WOMAC) were assessed at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. Statistical analysis involved repeated-measures analysis of variance and subgroup comparisons.
Results: Participants aged 30–45 years exhibited greater improvement with online rehabilitation compared to offline (VAS reduction: 5.6 vs. 4.9, P = 0.032; WOMAC reduction: 46.3 vs. 41.2, P = 0.041). Those aged 61–75 years benefited more from offline sessions (VAS reduction: 6.3 vs. 4.8, P = 0.018; WOMAC reduction: 48.7 vs. 39.5, P = 0.024). No significant difference was found in the 46–60-year age group. Moderate effect sizes were observed for both outcomes (Cohen’s d = 0.54–0.61).
Conclusion: Age significantly influences the effectiveness of online versus offline group rehabilitation for knee OA. Tailoring rehabilitation modes according to age may optimize pain relief and functional improvement.
Age, function, knee osteoarthritis, Offline Group exercise, online rehabilitation, pain, telerehabilitation.
Tithi Saha1*, Akash Saha2, Shourav Kanti Kar3, Sanchita Paul Shapla4, Azrun Ferdousi5, Motiur Rahman6, Mahmuda Begum7
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 95-102|https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.115
Portal vein pulsatility pattern in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension: A cross-sectional study to determine the severity of liver disease in early stage in a low-setting tertiary hospital of Bangladesh
Tithi Saha1*, Akash Saha2, Shourav Kanti Kar3, Sanchita Paul Shapla4, Azrun Ferdousi5, Motiur Rahman6, Mahmuda Begum7
Abstract
Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Simple parameters such as portal vein pulsatility index (PI) and complete spectral widening (CSW) have been observed in some studies to reflect early alterations in portal hemodynamics associated with the severity of liver disease.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative study, and a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used for selecting cases. The sample size was thirty-three in each group; cirrhotic and healthy.
Results: Among 33 patients with liver disease, 5 (15.2%) of them were in Child–Pugh (CP) class A, 10 (30.3%) in Class B, and 18 (54.5%) in Class C. In the healthy group, 97.0% (32 of 33) had PI between 0.2 and 0.5 and 3.0% (1 of 33) had pronounced pulsatility >0.5, whereas, in the cirrhotic patients, 63.6% (21 of 33) had PI between <0.2 and 36.4% (12 of 33) had a PI between 0.2 and 0.5. The mean PI in CP Class A was 0.28 ± 0.11, in CP Class B 0.20 ± 0.03, and in CP Class C, it was 0.14 ± 0.05, indicating that the PI becomes lower with increasing severity of cirrhosis. CSW was present in 60.6 % of patients with cirrhosis (20 of 33) and none of the healthy subjects in the control group (0 of 33).
Conclusion: A decrease in the PI and the presence of CSW are valuable predictors of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension, with alterations become significantly more pronounced as disease severity increases. However, this study could emphasize the role of duplex Doppler in recognizing disease in its early stages and determining disease severity in low low-setting tertiary hospital.
Complete spectral widening, Diagnostic radiology, Doppler ultrasound, Liver cirrhosis, Pulsatility index.
Imtiyaz Ahmed Magray1 , Hilal Ahmed Hela2 , Arwah Bashir3 , Nadia Irshad4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-3 | May – June 2025 | Page: 103-108|https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2025.11.3.1156
A cross-sectional study evaluating the specific effects of lip form, age, and gender on maxillary and mandibular incisal display with lips at rest in the Kashmiri population
Imtiyaz Ahmed Magray1 , Hilal Ahmed Hela2 , Arwah Bashir3 , Nadia Irshad4
Abstract
Introduction: Most patients want a smile that looks good and is attractive. Subsequently, front teeth should turn out to be the focal point of attention for both patients and dental specialists. Speech, food incisions, and esthetics are the major functions of the anterior teeth. Hence, determining the relative positions of the anterior teeth becomes a subjective decision when the maxillary anterior teeth are missing.
Aim: The main aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the lip form and incisal and canine display of the Kashmiri population with respect to gender and age.
Material and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were randomly selected from the Department of Prosthodontics aged between 30 and 60 years. A flexible ruler was used to measure the exposure of the maxillary right and left incisors and canine in both males and females. The subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of age groups A, B, and C and lip form into groups 1, 2, and 3. The data were collected and measured accordingly.
Results: The data were assessed using categorical variables of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, whereas descriptive analysis was done using Pearson correlation and independent Student’s t-test. Significant results were obtained in cases of patients with the age group more than 40 and above. The smile line was significantly higher in females when compared to males.
Conclusion: Maxillary right and left incisor exposure was higher in females and higher age groups, whereas canine exposure represented little or no variation with respect to age, gender, and lip form.
Esthetics, canine, incisors, lip form, prosthodontics, smile
