Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
In vitro study to evaluate the efficacy of DENTE91® Remineralizing Gel in oral health
Harsh J. Shah , Jacky K. Pariyani , Kalyani V. Shinde , Bhakti A. Dave , Maharshi B. Vyas , Ravi A. Patel
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 1-10
In vitro study to evaluate the efficacy of DENTE91® Remineralizing Gel in oral health
Harsh J. Shah , Jacky K. Pariyani , Kalyani V. Shinde , Bhakti A. Dave , Maharshi B. Vyas , Ravi A. Patel
Abstract
Background: Dental enamel is vulnerable to erosion, microbes, and damage, leading to issues like caries, sensitivity, and discoloration. Conventional treatments target individual problems. There is a growing need for
multifunctional solutions that address multiple oral health concerns together.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of DENTE91® remineralizing (RM) gel across varying oral health concerns.
Materials and Methods: Six independent in vitro studies were carried out. (1) Antimicrobial activity was tested against four microorganisms through colony formation unit analysis after 2- and 5-min treatment exposure. (2)
Remineralization was investigated on lesions using 8-day pH cycling for surface repair and mineral gain. (3) Cavity healing was assessed by fibroblasts using a colorimetric assay. (4) Desensitizing effect was tested on acidexposed
dentine disk and assessed for tubule closure. (5) Cavities protection was evaluated using 8-day pH cycling, scanning electron microscopy, and mineral content analysis. (6) Tooth whitening was tested using lux meter.
Results: (1) DENTE91® RM gel exhibited 99.99% antimicrobial efficacy with <0.01% survival rate. (2) Dentine tubule occluded by 37.5% along with 109.73% and 107.56% increment in calcium and phosphate levels, respectively, indicating strong remineralization. (3) It promoted NIH/3T3 cell proliferation at 0.01% and 0.05% concentration. (4) 66.53% teeth sensitivity reduction was noted within 15 days. (5) DENTE91® RM gel boosted enamel minerals (Ca − 110.7%, P = −108.2%), strengthening defense against caries. (6) 7-day use led to 87.07%
teeth whitening improvement.
Conclusion: This in vitro study demonstrated that DENTE91® remineralization gel is effective in promoting
remineralization and also provides antimicrobial, desensitizing, and teeth-whitening benefits. These findings suggest its potential for use as a comprehensive oral care solution.
Dental carries, dentin sensitivity, tooth remineralization, tooth whitening
A comparative study of socket compression versus non-compression after orthodontic tooth extraction
Parveen Akhtar Lone , Jasbinder Kumar , C. Lalmuanpuia
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 11-17
A comparative study of socket compression versus non-compression after orthodontic tooth extraction
Parveen Akhtar Lone , Jasbinder Kumar , C. Lalmuanpuia
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study is to compare the influence of post-extraction socket compression on socket dimension and orthodontic space closure.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu. A formal ethical clearance was obtained from the institution. In this study, 40 samples were taken that required tooth extraction for orthodontic purposes. Group A and Group B. In Group A, patients received socket compression after orthodontic tooth extraction (n=20). Compression Group. In
Group B, patients did not receive socket compression after orthodontic tooth extraction (n=20). No Compression Group.
Result: There was a statistically significant change in ridge width after 1 week between Group A and Group B. In other parameters, such as relative vertical ridge position, wound opening, mesiodistal space closure distance, and Visual Analog Scale score, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: The present study found that with respect to ridge height, sites that were compressed did not lose significantly more dimensions than those that were not compressed. The present study found that socket compression
negatively affect the alveolar ridge width after 1 week. In relation to other parameters like wound opening, space closure and pain, there was no statistical significant value between two groups.. With respect to ridge width, the compression group did show a trend of having a small ridge width.
Dental carries, dentin sensitivity, tooth remineralization, tooth whitening
Joy Poolon Thomas1, Lylajam Stephen1, Mehul Rajendra Mahesh2, Julie George Alapatt1, Ajay Orayampurath1, Shabna Geevaraj Sulekha3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 18-24
Effect of ultraviolet disinfection on the wettability of polyvinyl siloxane impression material: An in vitro study
Joy Poolon Thomas1, Lylajam Stephen1, Mehul Rajendra Mahesh2, Julie George Alapatt1, Ajay Orayampurath1, Shabna Geevaraj Sulekha3
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the present in vitro investigation was to ascertain the impact of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection for 10 min on the wettability of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material in comparison to the chemical disinfection method of 2% glutaraldehyde (GTA) for 10 min.
Materials and Methods: Thirty PVS impression specimens were prepared from custom-made stainless steel impression moulds and divided randomly into two groups. In Group A, chemical disinfection was accomplished using a 2% GTA solution for 10 min. In Group B, UV irradiation was administered for 10 min. The specimens in both groups were assessed for wettability both before and after the disinfection process designated for their
respective group. A paired t-test and an independent t-test were employed to determine the intra-group effect and differences among each of the groups under investigation, respectively.
Results: The wettability evaluation of the PVS impression material before and after chemical disinfection indicated
a statistically significant change in the wettability of the material (P < 0.05). Further, the contact angle before UV exposure exceeded that following UV exposure; however, this difference was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05).
The wettability of PVS impression material following chemical disinfection with 2% GTA and UV disinfection
demonstrated a statistically significant variation in the wettability of the material (P < 0.05). The contact anglefollowing 2% GTA treatment was markedly greater than that observed after UV exposure.
Conclusion: The impression material preserved its wettability following UV light exposure, suggesting that UV disinfection is a more secure disinfection procedure compared to the 2% GTA solution..
Contact angle, glutaraldehyde, impression, polyvinyl siloxane, ultraviolet disinfection, wettability
Tasneem Muhammed Sherief1, Khethmal P2, Roshan Verma2, Hitendra Singh3 , Deepak Juyal3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 25-33
Expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor in malignant epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A hospital-based study
Tasneem Muhammed Sherief1, Khethmal P2, Roshan Verma2, Hitendra Singh3 , Deepak Juyal3
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer, one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, remains a significant global health concern. Ovaries, being the source of estrogen and progesterone, are also the targets of these hormones. Expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) is believed to have a major role in ovarian
cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the ER/PR expression in epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOCs) and
their clinico-pathological correlation.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted on 51 cases of malignant EOCs. ER/PR expression was studied by immunohistochemistry using a heat-induced epitope retrieval method and specific antibodies against ER and PR. Expression of both the hormone receptors was correlated with histopathological
type, grade, FIGO stage and menopausal status of the patients.
Results: Out of the total 51 cases, serous carcinoma (70.59%) was the most common malignant ovarian carcinoma, followed by mucinous (11.775), endometrioid (9.80%), and clear cell carcinoma (7.84%). ER and PR expression was seen in 76.47% and 64.71% of cases, respectively. Expression of both the hormone receptors was seen in 54.90% of cases, while 13.72% were negative for both. A higher ER/PR expression was seen in endometrioid and serous carcinoma as compared to mucinous and clear cell carcinoma. A higher ER expression was observed in cases with higher FIGO-stage and grade of the tumor, whereas no significant correlation of the PR expression was observed for the same. ER/PR expression was also observed to be higher in pre-menopausal females.
Conclusion: ER and PR are expressed in a biologically and clinically meaningful subset of EOCs. The pattern of expression of these receptors can serve as a clue for optimizing the advanced therapeutic modalities to ensure better patient management. Future prospective studies and biomarker-driven clinical trials can translate receptor testing into robust prognostic and predictive tools for routine clinical care.
Biomarkers, Endocrine therapy, Immunohistochemistry, Ovarian tumors, Steroid hormones
Mst. Rupali Yasmin1 , Mohammad Ziaul Haider2 , Alamgir Mustak Ahammad2 , Md Najmul Haque3 , Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad4 , Zahedur Rahman Pannu5 , Md. Nazrul Islam4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 34-41
Comparative analysis of disease activity indices in spondyloarthritis patients with and without uveitis
Mst. Rupali Yasmin1 , Mohammad Ziaul Haider2 , Alamgir Mustak Ahammad2 , Md Najmul Haque3 , Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad4 , Zahedur Rahman Pannu5 , Md. Nazrul Islam4
Abstract
Background: Uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation of spondyloarthritis (SpA), but comparative data on disease activity profiles in patients with and without uveitis are limited in South Asian populations. The objective of the study is to compare demographic, clinical, laboratory, and disease activity indices in SpA patients with and without uveitis in Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 225 SpA patients attending a tertiary rheumatology clinic. Data on demographics, SpA subtype, family history, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 status, imaging, and disease activity
indices (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI], Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index,
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index [BASMI], and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score) were
collected and compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of uveitis.
Results: Uveitis patients were older (37.2 ± 8.5 vs. 31.5 ± 9.5 years; P = 0.001), had longer disease duration
(9.3 ± 7.0 vs. 5.4 ± 4.5 years; P = 0.001), more axial SpA (92.9% vs. 73.8%; P = 0.008), and higher HLA-B27 positivity (69.0% vs. 55.5%; P = 0.021). BASDAI was lower (2.4 ± 1.9 vs. 3.3 ± 2.8; P = 0.050) but BASMI was higher (3.7 ± 1.6 vs. 3.1 ± 1.2; P = 0.009) in the uveitis group. Independent predictors of uveitis were family history of SpA (odds ratio [OR] = 3.697; P = 0.002) and longer disease duration (OR = 1.089/year; P = 0.039), whereas higher BASDAI was inversely associated (OR = 0.681; P = 0.002).
Conclusion: Uveitis is associated with older age, longer disease duration, and higher HLA-B27 positivity in Bangladeshi SpA patients. Lower perceived musculoskeletal activity (BASDAI) is linked to higher ocular involvement, yet with more advanced structural impairment (BASMI). Long disease duration and family history are independent predictors of uveitis, whereas higher BASDAI is inversely related to uveitis risk.
Bangladesh, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, disease activity indices, spondyloarthritis,
uveitis
Md. Abu Taher1 , Md Daharul Islam2 , Md Jahedul Islam3 , Md. Khairuzzaman4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 42-46
Comparative analysis of T-score and Z-score in controlled and uncontrolled glycemic postmenopausal women
Md. Abu Taher1 , Md Daharul Islam2 , Md Jahedul Islam3 , Md. Khairuzzaman4
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major health concern in postmenopausal women, characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. The decline in estrogen after menopause accelerates bone loss, which may be further aggravated by chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. This study aims to compare T-scores and Z-scores between diabetic and non-diabetic postmenopausal women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medicine Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College
Mitford Hospital, from July 2023 to June 2024. A total of 120 cases were included in this study according to the selection criteria. Data were processed and analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0. AP < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: Among 120 postmenopausal women, diabetics had lower T-scores and Z-scores than non-diabetics, with
lumbar spine T-score significantly lower in the 11–20 years post-menopause group (−3.34 ± 1.65 vs. −2.24 ± 1.42,
P = 0.010). In diabetics, uncontrolled glycemia (HbA1c >7) markedly reduced femoral neck T-score (−3.24 ± 1.00 vs. −2.04 ± 0.77, P < 0.001) and lumbar spine T-score (−4.27 ± 1.06 vs. −2.08 ± 1.03, P < 0.001), with similar trends in Z-scores. Duration since menopause showed a significant negative correlation with T-scores at both femoral neck (r = −0.440, P < 0.001) and lumbar spine (r = −0.337, P = 0.008).
Conclusion: Postmenopausal women with diabetes, especially with uncontrolled glycemia, showed significantly
lower T- and Z-scores at both femoral neck and lumbar spine, indicating higher osteoporosis risk. The negative correlation of T-scores with menopausal duration underscores the combined adverse effects of aging and poor glycemic control on bone health.
Postmenopausal women, T-score, uncontrolled DM, Z-score
Shah Md. Faisal Eskander1 , Md. Asadullah1 , Md. Masud Rana1 , Abu Zihad Mohammad Salim1 , Md. Monir Us Saleheen1 , Miss Seemran Faisal2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 47-53
Functional and radiological outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation in posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum
Shah Md. Faisal Eskander1 , Md. Asadullah1 , Md. Masud Rana1 , Abu Zihad Mohammad Salim1 , Md. Monir Us Saleheen1 , Miss Seemran Faisal2
Abstract
Background: Posterior wall acetabular fractures are the most common subtype of acetabular injuries, often caused by high-energy trauma. Evidence on functional and radiological outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in low- and middle-income countries remains limited.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 20 patients with posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum treated with ORIF at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, between August 2020 and June 2022. Radiological
outcomes were assessed using Matta criteria, and functional outcomes with the Merle d’Aubigné and Postel scoring system. Associations between clinical factors and outcomes were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
Results: The mean patient age was 38.3 years, with 90% male predominance. Road traffic accidents accounted for 90% of injuries, and the left hip was more frequently involved (70%). Anatomical reduction was achieved in
80% of cases. Radiological outcomes were excellent or good in 85%, while functional outcomes were excellent or good in 90%. Significant predictors of radiological outcome included hip dislocation (P = 0.019), fragment displacement (P = 0.019), reduction quality (P = 0.049), and complications (P = 0.016). Poorer functional outcomes
were significantly associated with abdominal injuries (P = 0.016) and surgical delay beyond 15 days (P = 0.036).
Complications occurred in 20% of patients, with heterotopic ossification most common.
Conclusion: ORIF of posterior wall acetabular fractures achieved favorable outcomes in most patients. Timely intervention, anatomical reduction, and careful management of associated injuries are essential for optimizing results in resource-limited settings.
Acetabular fracture, functional outcome, open reduction internal fixation, posterior wall, radiological
outcome
Sabiha Afrin1 , Mahfuza Rahman2 , Rubia Khatun3 , Md. Emran4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 54-59
Association between body mass index and immunoglobulin G response before and after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination
Sabiha Afrin1 , Mahfuza Rahman2 , Rubia Khatun3 , Md. Emran4
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a profound global impact, prompting the rapid development and deployment of vaccines
to control the pandemic. Vaccination plays a crucial role in generating protective immunity. Factors such as age,
sex, comorbidities, and body mass index (BMI) may influence the strength and duration of vaccine-induced
immunity. This study aims to evaluate the association between BMI and anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G
(IgG) antibody responses before and after COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods: This prospective analytical study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January, 2021 to December, 2021. The study population comprised medical
students from Dhaka city, with 60 participants recruited using a purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed
using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0.
Results: About 60% had normal BMI (mean 23.88 ± 4.01), 25% were overweight, 10% obese, and 5% underweight, with no significant gender difference (P = 0.711). Post-vaccine IgG levels rose significantly in the normal weight (43.70 → 282.30 AU/mL, P < 0.001), overweight (68.60 → 408.90 AU/mL, P = 0.003), and obese groups (120.65
→ 586.30 AU/mL, P = 0.028), but not in the underweight group (0 → 144.70 AU/mL, P = 0.109). Correlation analysis showed no significant association between BMI and IgG levels pre-vaccine (r = 0.203, P = 0.12) or post-vaccine (r = 0.164, P = 0.21).
Conclusion: This study shows that IgG levels significantly increased after two doses of the Sinopharm vaccine in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals, but not in the underweight group. However, no significant
correlation was found between BMI and pre- or post-vaccine IgG levels, suggesting that antibody response is largely independent of BMI.
Body mass index, coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, immunoglobulin G response
Outcome of arthroscopic evaluation followed by reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament injury
Md. Hazrat Ali Miah1 , Md. Anisur Rahman2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 60-69
Outcome of arthroscopic evaluation followed by reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament injury
Md. Hazrat Ali Miah1 , Md. Anisur Rahman2
Abstract
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common cause of knee instability, especially among young and athletic individuals. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is the gold-standard treatment, offering reliable
restoration of knee stability and function.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Nilphamari Medical College, from July 2024
to June 2025. The study involved skeletally mature patients with confirmed ACL tears and symptomatic instability who underwent arthroscopic reconstruction using hamstring or patellar tendon autografts with standardized rehabilitation. Functional outcomes (Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Tegner scores, knee motion, muscle strength, return to sport) and complications were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Most patients were young males (20–39 years) with sports-related ACL injuries, predominantly affecting the right knee. Complete ACL tears were common (82.9%), and over half had associated meniscal injuries. Hamstring autograft was the preferred graft in most cases. Postoperatively, there was a significant improvement in functional outcomes, with Lysholm, IKDC, and Tegner scores all increasing markedly, along with better knee flexion and quadriceps strength. Early complications were minor and infrequent, while late complications such
as graft failure and stiffness were rare. Regression analysis showed that meniscal and cartilage injuries, delayed surgery, and poor rehabilitation compliance negatively impacted outcomes, whereas regular rehabilitation significantly improved post-operative recovery.
Conclusion: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is a safe and effective procedure that restores knee stability and
function with significant improvement in clinical scores. Outcomes depend on timely surgery, management of
associated injuries, and consistent rehabilitation.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Arthroscopic surgery, Functional outcomes and Hamstring autograft
Mahfuja Rahman1 , Sabiha Afrin2 , Sharmin Sultana1 , Mosfika Rahman3 , Jannatun Naiem4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 70-77
Assessment of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibody levels in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with varying stages of chronic kidney disease
Mahfuja Rahman1 , Sabiha Afrin2 , Sharmin Sultana1 , Mosfika Rahman3 , Jannatun Naiem4
Abstract
Background: Immune impairment, capable of undermining humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, occurs in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, their predictors, and temporal patterns in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients with CKD stages 3 and 4.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College from January to December 2021,
including 80 COVID-19 – recovered patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and values ≥50 AU/mL were considered positive. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were recorded, and patients with dialysis, malignancy, or immunosuppressive therapy were excluded. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v26.
Results: Gross IgG positivity was 92.5%, Stage 3 had 95.0% positivity compared to 90.0% in Stage 4. Median IgG titers were significantly higher in Stage 3 (5120 AU/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 2730–8920) compared to Stage 4 (980 AU/mL, IQR = 520–2890; P < 0.001). Low IgG response was noted in 45.0% of patients with Stage 4 as compared to 20.0% in Stage 3 (P = 0.019). Multivariable logistic regression identified Stage 4 CKD (adjusted odds ratios [OR] = 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–7.92, P = 0.021) and shorter time since infection (OR = 0.83/week, 95% CI = 0.72–0.96, P = 0.012) as independent predictors of poor antibody response. IgG titers were highly correlated with both estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.68) and weeks since infection
(r = 0.72).
Conclusion: Advanced CKD significantly impairs humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, with Stage 4 patients having much lower titers of antibodies and higher proportions of inappropriate serological response than Stage 3. These findings emphasize the need for more monitoring and personalized strategies to vaccination among this at-risk population.
Chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, humoral immunity, severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Md. Morshed Alam1 , Md. Shafiqur Rahman2 , Md. Ashek Mahmud Ferdaus3 , Fateha Yasmin Antara4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 78-84
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus open hemorrhoidectomy: A comparative analysis of short-term clinical outcomes
Md. Morshed Alam1 , Md. Shafiqur Rahman2 , Md. Ashek Mahmud Ferdaus3 , Fateha Yasmin Antara4
Abstract
Background: Hemorrhoidal disease remains a prevalent anorectal condition, with surgical management often
necessary for advanced grades. This study compares the short-term clinical outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidopexy
(SH) and open hemorrhoidectomy (OH) among Bangladeshi patients.
Methods: A total of 130 patients with Grade III and IV hemorrhoids were randomized equally into SH (n = 65) and OH (n = 65) groups. Baseline demographics, perioperative variables, post-operative pain (visual analog scale), complications, hospital stay, return to activity, and treatment cost were analyzed.
Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups (mean age: SH 41.08 ± 11.46 vs. OH 40.52 ± 10.75 years; P = 0.777). SH was associated with significantly lower post-operative pain (80% mild pain vs. 20% in OH; P < 0.001), reduced urinary retention (13.8% vs. 40.0%; P = 0.001), and shorter hospital stays (mean 2.89 vs. 7.12 days; P < 0.001). Patients undergoing SH returned to normal activities faster (mean 7.72 vs. 14.29 days; P < 0.001). However, SH incurred significantly higher treatment costs (Taka [Tk.] 18,876.92 vs. Tk.
6,690.77; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: SH demonstrates superior short-term outcomes compared to OH, although at a higher financial
burden. These findings support the selective adoption of SH in clinical settings where cost is not a limiting factor.
Hemorrhoidectomy, open hemorrhoidectomy, post-operative pain, recovery outcomes, stapled
hemorrhoidopexy
Efficacy of elastic cutting seton in the treatment of complex fistula in ano
Mafruha Nusrat Khan1 , Mohammad Mahbub Alam1 , Chaudary Nur-E-Tanzim2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 85-90
Efficacy of elastic cutting seton in the treatment of complex fistula in ano
Mafruha Nusrat Khan1 , Mohammad Mahbub Alam1 , Chaudary Nur-E-Tanzim2
Abstract
Background: Complex anal fistulas present significant therapeutic challenges due to their high recurrence rates and potential for sphincter compromise, necessitating treatment approaches that balance efficacy with continence preservation. The elastic cutting seton, fabricated from latex surgical gloves, offers a cost-effective alternative that exploits material elasticity for gradual, self-regulated sphincter transection. This study evaluated the efficacy of elastic cutting setons in managing complex fistula-in-ano in a resource-limited setting.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study (JulyDecember 2015) enrolled 50 adults with cryptoglandular
complex fistula-in-ano at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Medical University through convenient sampling. Elastic setons were inserted under spinal anesthesia, and continence was assessed by Park’s Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v17.
Results: The cohort was predominantly male (88%, mean age 41.16 ± 9.77 years). High transsphincteric fistulas
(90%) and posterior external openings (64%) were common; 86% were primary cases. Seton fell out within 3 weeks for 92%, and 60% healed in 12 months. Most outcomes were uneventful (72%); recurrence (4%) and
incontinence (4%) were low.
Conclusion: Elastic cutting setons are effective, safe, and improve the quality of life for complex fistula-in-ano, with low incontinence attributed to slow sphincter division. Magnetic resonance – fistulography aids failed cases but is costly.
Elastic cutting seton, Fecal incontinence, Fistula in ano, High trans-sphincteric fistula
Mohammad Nasir Uddin1 , Wahida Khanam1 , Farhana Sultana2 , Md Rezaul Haque1 , Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman3 , Bidhan Chandra Podder1 , Ahmed Nazmul Anam1
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 91-96
Serum albumin and hemoglobin levels and their association with grades of edema in children with edematous malnutrition
Mohammad Nasir Uddin1 , Wahida Khanam1 , Farhana Sultana2 , Md Rezaul Haque1 , Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman3 , Bidhan Chandra Podder1 , Ahmed Nazmul Anam1
Abstract
Background: Edematous malnutrition in children is classified into three severity grades based on anatomical
distribution. The relationship between biochemical markers and edema severity remains incompletely understood.
This study aimed to investigate serum albumin and hemoglobin levels and their association with grades of edema in children with edematous malnutrition.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 51 children aged 6–60 months with edematous malnutrition at a
tertiary care center in Dhaka from July 2019 to June 2020. Serum albumin and hemoglobin levels were measured. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20, with one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests used to assess relationships between biochemical parameters and edema severity (mild, moderate,
and severe). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Most subjects (74.5%) were under 12 months with nearly equal gender distribution. Mean serum albumin was 3.14 ± 0.68 g/dL, and mean hemoglobin was 8.94 ± 1.86 g/dL. Hypoalbuminemia was present in 70.6% of
children. Serum albumin progressively decreased with increasing edema severity: Mild (3.32 ± 0.70 g/dL), moderate (3.03 ± 0.43 g/dL), and severe (2.84 ± 0.78 g/dL), P = 0.017. Similarly, hemoglobin levels declined significantly across edema grades: Mild (9.22 ± 2.04 g/dL), moderate (8.91 ± 1.52 g/dL), and severe (6.26 ± 1.73 g/dL), P = 0.036. A significant association was observed between anemia severity and edema grades (P = 0.014).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant inverse correlations between serum albumin levels, hemoglobin
concentrations, and edema severity in malnourished children. Both parameters progressively declined with
worsening edema grades, suggesting their potential utility as biochemical markers for assessing edema severity and guiding therapeutic interventions that address both hypoalbuminemia and anemia simultaneously.
Anemia, edema grades, edematous malnutrition, hemoglobin, hypoalbuminemia, serum albumin
Md. Ubaidul Islam1 , Abul Kalam Mohammed Shoab2 , Md. Abdullah Al Maruf3 , Nargis Akhter Choudhury4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 97-104
Patients with non-traumatic headache in the radiology department: Diagnostic yield of cranial computed tomography imaging – Study of a secondary hospital of Bangladesh
Md. Ubaidul Islam1 , Abul Kalam Mohammed Shoab2 , Md. Abdullah Al Maruf3 , Nargis Akhter Choudhury4
Abstract
Background: Non-traumatic headache is one of the most common emergency department (ED) presentations worldwide, accounting for 1–4% of all ED presentations. The study aims to assess the burden, causes, and imaging patterns of adult non-traumatic headaches in the ED to improve clinical management and resource planning.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Lifeline Cardiac Hospital, Moulvibazar, between January 01, 2021, and December 31, 2022. A total of 302 consecutive nontraumatic headache patients were enrolled. All patients above the age of 9 years were included in this study, while
patients with traumatic headache and those with incomplete records were excluded from this study. Demographics,
associated symptoms, comorbidities, and computed tomography (CT) brain findings were recorded systematically
and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.
Results: The study population consisted of 197 females (65.2%) and 105 males (34.8%), with a mean age distribution of 25.2% patients ≥60 years. CT scans were normal in 220 patients (72.8%) and abnormal in 82 patients (27.2%). The most common abnormal findings were sinusitis (35 patients, 11.6%), intracerebral hemorrhage (26 patients, 8.6%), mass lesions/focal abnormalities (13 patients, 4.3%), and ischemic changes (5 patients, 1.7%). There were also notable correlations between comorbidities of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and abnormal CT findings (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The rate of abnormal CT findings in ED non-traumatic headache is relatively high (27.2%), and sinusitis alongside intracerebral hemorrhage are the most common pathologic diagnoses. Age, comorbidities, and specific clinical presentations play a notable role in the likelihood of abnormal neuroimaging.
Adult non-traumatic headache, Emergency department presentations, Neuroimaging, Radiological
abnormalities
Chidananda Mishra1 , Bapini Patra2 , Fakir Mohan Mohanta3 , Sayambika Mishra4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-5 | September-October 2025 | Page: 105-114
Correlation between chronic tinnitus severity, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and anxiety/depression scores
Chidananda Mishra1 , Bapini Patra2 , Fakir Mohan Mohanta3 , Sayambika Mishra4
Abstract
Background: Chronic tinnitus, also known as the experience of sound in the absence of an external source, is experienced by around 10–15% of the population and can cause a substantial impact on quality of life. Neuroimaging studies suggest that tinnitus is the result of maladaptive neuroplastic changes within the congruent auditory and limbic systems. Both emotional and cognitive distress associated with tinnitus seems to manifest as symptoms of anxiety and depression, which seems to engender overlapping or common neural circuitry associated with the perceptions of tinnitus and affective processing.
Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between chronic tinnitus severity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-identified brain structural and functional changes, and anxiety and depression scores.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective, observational study, we enrolled 80 patients with chronic subjective tinnitus of at least 6-month duration. The tinnitus severity was assessed using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI). All patients underwent standardized audiologic protocols and high-solubility 3-Tesla MRI protocols including T1-weighted volumetric and resting-state functional sequences. Cortical thickness, white matter integrity, and abnormal activation were reviewed among MRI parameters in auditory and non-auditory locations. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) gauged occupied psychological distress. Correlations of THI were evaluated with MRI changes and psychological scores using paired t-test and multivariable regression models.
Results: A strong positive correlation was found between THI scores and BAI scores (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and BDI-II scores (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), indicating that the severity of tinnitus increased anxiety and depression. MRI findings indicated reduced gray matter volume in the left auditory cortex, increased functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and amygdala, and abnormalities in microstructural and volumetric properties of the corpus callosum and hippocampus. The patients with high severity tinnitus (THI >56) were the most affected both structurally and functionally. Regression analysis indicated that amygdalar hyperconnectivity was the strongest predictor of distress (β = 0.44, P < 0.01).
Individual severity of chronic tinnitus is related to MRI-detected neural changes and increased anxiety
and depressive symptoms. These findings point to the interconnected neurobiological substrates underpinning
