Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Sheuli Akter1 , Mustafezur Rahman2 Mst. Roksana Begum3 , Mahmuda Khatoon1
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 1-8
Application of discriminant function analysis for sex prediction from composite patellar indices: A multivariate study on skeletal samples
Sheuli Akter1 , Mustafezur Rahman2 Mst. Roksana Begum3 , Mahmuda Khatoon1
Abstract
Background: Postoperative pain relief in children has always been very challenging. Various modalities have been tried to provide effective pain relief in paediatric population, caudal epidural being one of the most widely performed techniques. Various adjuncts have been added to local anaesthetics in caudal epidural to enhance its analgesic efficacy. The primary aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of caudal bupivacaine with caudal bupivacaine plus buprenorphine, the secondary aim being to study any associated side effects. Materials and Methods: 60 patients of ASA I and II physical status, aged 2-12 years posted for inguinoscrotal surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 each; group A patients received 1ml∕kg of 0.125% bupivacaine while group B patients received 1ml/kg of bupivacaine with 4µg/kg with buprenorphine. Post-operative pain was assessed using Faces Pain Scale -Revised (FPS-R pain scale). At score ≥ 6 rescue analgesic intravenous paracetamol was given. Pain was assessed at 0,30,60 minutes and half hourly thereafter until 2 hours and hourly after that till 24 hrs following surgery. Post-operative sedation was assessed using Paediatric Analog Sedation Scale (PASS). Any side effects were also noted in both the groups. Results: The two groups were comparable with regards to demographic profile (i.e age and sex). The duration of surgery was also comparable in both the groups. However, the duration of analgesia was more in group B (9.833 ± .833 hrs) than in group A (4.866± .571 hrs) the difference being statistically significant. Number of rescue analgesics required was also more in group A (2.33± .479) than group B (1.16± .379), the difference again being statistically significant. More patients reported sedation in group B for prolonged duration albeit none showed a grade 3 or more sedation score. Nausea and vomiting and postoperative agitation were the only side effects reported, former reported more by group B patients and later by group A patient. Conclusion: The addition of buprenorphine to bupivacaine in caudal epidural significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia without producing any side effects.
Bangladesh, discriminant function analysis, forensic anthropology, patella, sexual dimorphism
Md. Nurul Islam Shikdar1 , Taposhi Farzana2 , Mohammad Abdul Malek3 , Alamgir Haider4 , Hasan Mahmud Rumi5 , Alamgir Hossain6 , Din Islam7 , Abdul Baten Rohan8
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 9-17
Meropenem monotherapy in neonatal sepsis due to multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: A study in aprivate neonatal intensive care unit in Dhaka
Md. Nurul Islam Shikdar1 , Taposhi Farzana2 , Mohammad Abdul Malek3 , Alamgir Haider4 , Hasan Mahmud Rumi5 , Alamgir Hossain6 , Din Islam7 , Abdul Baten Rohan8
Abstract
Background: Neonatal sepsis due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) remains a major
challenge in Bangladesh. This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness and safety of meropenem monotherapy
in neonatal sepsis in a private neonatal intensive care unit in Dhaka.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the neonatal unit of Aichi Medical College and
Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2024 to May 2025 among 90 neonates with suspected or confirmed
sepsis. Clinical data, blood culture, and antibiotic sensitivity were recorded. Meropenem was administered in dosing regimens of 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg. Outcomes assessed included clinical improvement, lack of response, mortality, and adverse events. Logistic regression identified predictors of unfavorable outcomes.
Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae (38.9%) was the most common isolate, with meropenem sensitivity ranging from 85.7% to 91.7% across pathogens. Clinical improvement was observed in 86.7% of neonates, while 8.9% showed no response and 4.4% died. Adverse events were infrequent, with diarrhea (6.7%) being the most common. Anemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.45, P = 0.031), respiratory distress (AOR: 2.94, P = 0.028), and seizures at admission (AOR: 3.85, P = 0.048) were significant predictors of poor outcomes. Higher meropenem dosing
(≥30 mg/kg) showed a protective trend (AOR: 0.68, P =0.04).
Conclusion: Meropenem monotherapy is effective and safe for treating MDR-GNB neonatal sepsis. Careful dosing and early identification of high-risk neonates can optimize outcomes while preserving antibiotic stewardship.
Gram-negative bacteria, meropenem monotherapy, multidrug-resistant bacteria, neonatal sepsis, predictors of outcome
Md Mizanur Rahman1 , Rifat Chowdhury2 , Safikul Islam3 , Mohammad Sanower Hossain Khan4 , Md Khairuzzaman5 , Md Kawser Hamid6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 18-25
Clinical profile and predictors of consciousness level in acute stroke patients at a tertiary care center
Md Mizanur Rahman1 , Rifat Chowdhury2 , Safikul Islam3 , Mohammad Sanower Hossain Khan4 , Md Khairuzzaman5 , Md Kawser Hamid6
Abstract
Background: Acute stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the level of consciousness is a significant prognostic marker. Altered consciousness in acute stroke is quite essential for appropriate management and prognostication.
Methods: 100 acute stroke patients were enrolled in the study through purposive sampling. Clinical presentation,
comorbidities, computed tomography scan results, and demographic information were included in data collection. The Glasgow Coma Scale was used to measure the level of consciousness. Blood glucose levels >7.8mmoL/L in non-diabetic patients are referred to as stress hyperglycemia. The Modified Rankin Scale monitored the participants
for 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26
and Cox regression analysis to identify predictors of impaired consciousness.
Results: The analysis included 74 ischemic stroke (74%) and 26 hemorrhagic stroke (26%) patients. The
mean age was 58.37 ± 6.23 years with male predominance (64%). Impaired consciousness was greater among
hemorrhagic stroke patients (80.8% vs. 59.5%, P = 0.037). Cox regression analysis identified hemorrhagic stroke type (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.85, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.34–6.03, P = 0.006), neck rigidity (HR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.51–7.72, P = 0.003), and convulsions (HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.01–4.44, P = 0.047) as predictors of impaired consciousness.
Conclusion: Hemorrhagic stroke, stiffness of the neck, and seizures are individual predictors of impaired
consciousness among acute stroke patients. The early detection of these risk factors can guide clinical practice and improve patient outcomes through the employment of focused interventions.
Acute stroke, Glasgow Coma Scale, hemorrhagic stroke, impaired consciousness
Mahmuda Khatoon1 , Mohammad Kamruzzaman Mazumder2 , Sheuli Akter1 , Mahmuda Sultana3 , Rawshon Ara Naznin4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 26-31
Histomorphological characteristics of the urinary bladder wall in human cadavers: An age-stratified analysis
Mahmuda Khatoon1 , Mohammad Kamruzzaman Mazumder2 , Sheuli Akter1 , Mahmuda Sultana3 , Rawshon Ara Naznin4
Abstract
Introduction: Histomorphological changes in the urinary bladder with age have a profound effect on bladder
function and urologic health. The purpose of this investigation was to assess histomorphological features of the urinary bladder wall in various age groups to define normative parameters and recognize age-related structural changes.
Methods: A total of 70 human cadavers were allocated to three age groups: Group A (10–20 years, n = 15), Group B
(21–40 years, n = 36), and Group C (41–65 years, n = 19). Weight of bladder, bladder capacity, interureteral distance, and histological parameters such as mucosal, muscular, and serosal thickness were measured. Statistical
analysis was performed using t-tests to compare the parameters across the age groups.
Results: Group B had the highest mean bladder weight (98.36 g) and capacity (37.92 mL), followed by a decrease in older groups. The maximum interureteral distance was in Group B (2.78 cm). Serosal thickness was histologically significant between Group A and Groups B and C (P = 0.007 and P = 0.010, respectively). Trigonal
muscular layer thickness was significantly different in all groups, with the greatest development in Group B and the greatest loss in Group C (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Urinary bladder histomorphology is characterized by age-dependent patterns with optimal structure in middle adulthood (21–40 years) and cumulative changes with increasing age. The findings are helpful in supplying normative data on age-adjusted bladder function and establishing reference values for clinical application.
Age-related changes, bladder function, bladder wall thickness, histomorphology, urinary bladder
Afroza Azad1 , K. M. Istiak Rohan2 , Sharmin Rahman Sampa3 , Masuma Mannan4 , Indira Chowdhury5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 32-37
Study of serum iron and calcium level in lactating women compared with non-lactating women in Bangladesh
Afroza Azad1 , K. M. Istiak Rohan2 , Sharmin Rahman Sampa3 , Masuma Mannan4 , Indira Chowdhury5
Abstract
Introduction: Lactation imposes significant physiological demands on maternal micronutrient stores. While iron and calcium are both essential during the postpartum period, their depletion patterns differ and require context-specific evaluation.
Methods: A cross-sectional, case–control study was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital involving 120 women (60 lactating and 60 non-lactating), aged 20–40 years. Baseline demographic data were collected, and serum iron and calcium levels were measured using standard colorimetric methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v25, with P < 0.05 considered significant.
Results: The mean age and body mass index did not differ significantly between groups. Serum iron levels were slightly higher in lactating women (93.2 ± 39.4 μg/dL) compared to non-lactating women (86.5 ± 27.6 μg/dL), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.283). In contrast, serum calcium levels were significantly lower in lactating women (7.74 ± 0.67 mg/dL) than in non-lactating controls (8.75 ± 0.78 mg/dL), with P = 0.001.
Conclusion: Early lactation is associated with significant reductions in serum calcium but not iron, highlighting the need for calcium-focused nutritional interventions in postpartum care for Bangladeshi women.
Lactation, postpartum nutrition, serum calcium, serum iron
Nutritional intake among mothers’ delivered pre-term babies in a tertiary care hospital
Shahina Akther1 , Rukshana Khan1 , Rebeka Sultana1 , Tahmina Sharmin2 , Yeasmin Akter2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 38-44
Nutritional intake among mothers’ delivered pre-term babies in a tertiary care hospital
Shahina Akther1 , Rukshana Khan1 , Rebeka Sultana1 , Tahmina Sharmin2 , Yeasmin Akter2
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-term birth remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Maternal nutrition is a key determinant of pregnancy outcomes, yet dietary practices and supplement adherence remain inadequately addressed in many settings. The present study aimed to evaluate the dietary diversity, micronutrient supplementation, and nutritional status of pregnant women with pre-term births at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 357 pregnant women in their third trimester (29 to <37 weeks) who delivered pre-term at Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, from July 2023 to June 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, dietary intake (using the minimum dietary diversity for women-W method), and supplement use were collected through structured interviews. Maternal nutritional status was assessed through body mass index and mid-upper arm circumference.
Results and Discussion: Among the participants, moderate to late pre-term births (33–36 weeks) accounted for 64.1% of cases, while 35.9% were early pre-term (29–32 weeks). Less than half of the participants reported adequate intake of fruits (40.9%), vegetables (40.6%), or protein-rich foods (43.7%). However, supplement adherence was relatively high, with over 78% of women reporting regular use of folic acid, iron, calcium, and multivitamins.
Conclusion: A significant portion of participants came from low-income households, reflecting the socioeconomic challenges influencing maternal nutrition. Despite strong compliance with antenatal supplementation, maternal dietary diversity remained suboptimal. Improved dietary counseling, better food access, and socioeconomic support are essential to reduce the burden of pre-term births in Bangladesh.
Calcium intake, dietary diversity, folic acid, iron supplementation, maternal nutrition, pre-term birth
Mohammad Kamruzzaman Mazumder1 , Muhammad Jamal Uddin2 , Md Saiful Islam Patwary3 , Mahmuda Khatoon4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 45-50
Association between serum zinc concentrations and body mass index in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A case–control study
Mohammad Kamruzzaman Mazumder1 , Muhammad Jamal Uddin2 , Md Saiful Islam Patwary3 , Mahmuda Khatoon4
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-term birth remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Maternal nutrition is a key determinant of pregnancy outcomes, yet dietary practices and supplement adherence remain inadequately addressed in many settings. The present study aimed to evaluate the dietary diversity, micronutrient supplementation, and nutritional status of pregnant women with pre-term births at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 357 pregnant women in their third trimester (29 to <37 weeks) who delivered pre-term at Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, from July 2023 to June 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, dietary intake (using the minimum dietary diversity for women-W method), and supplement use were collected through structured interviews. Maternal nutritional status was assessed through body mass index and mid-upper arm circumference.
Results and Discussion: Among the participants, moderate to late pre-term births (33–36 weeks) accounted for 64.1% of cases, while 35.9% were early pre-term (29–32 weeks). Less than half of the participants reported adequate intake of fruits (40.9%), vegetables (40.6%), or protein-rich foods (43.7%). However, supplement adherence was relatively high, with over 78% of women reporting regular use of folic acid, iron, calcium, and multivitamins.
Conclusion: A significant portion of participants came from low-income households, reflecting the socioeconomic challenges influencing maternal nutrition. Despite strong compliance with antenatal supplementation, maternal dietary diversity remained suboptimal. Improved dietary counseling, better food access, and socioeconomic support are essential to reduce the burden of pre-term births in Bangladesh.
Body mass index, pulmonary tuberculosis, serum zinc concentrations
Association of thyroid dysfunction with menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age
Mohammad Aminul Islam1 , Mosammat Fazilatul Islam2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 51-56
Association of thyroid dysfunction with menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age
Mohammad Aminul Islam1 , Mosammat Fazilatul Islam2
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid hormones play a vital role in regulating the female reproductive system, including the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and fertility. Even subtle alterations in thyroid function can disrupt the hypothalamic– pituitary–ovarian axis, leading to various menstrual irregularities such as oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, or amenorrhea. This study aims to evaluate the association between thyroid dysfunction and various types of menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Shaheed M Monsur Ali Medical College, Sirajganj, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 108 women of reproductive age (18–45 years) presenting with menstrual irregularities were enrolled from the outpatient department of medicine. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.
Result: In this study of 108 women of reproductive age, the most common menstrual irregularities were oligomenorrhea (31.5%) and menorrhagia (25.9%). Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 66.7% of participants, with hypothyroidism (both subclinical and overt) being the most prevalent (47.2%). A strong association was found between hypothyroidism and menorrhagia, while hyperthyroidism was more linked to oligomenorrhea. Mean thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were highest among those with menorrhagia (6.27 ± 2.51 μIU/mL).
Conclusion: This study highlights a significant association between thyroid dysfunction and menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age. Hypothyroidism, particularly the subclinical form, was more prevalent and closely linked to menorrhagia and oligomenorrhea, while hyperthyroidism was commonly associated with oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea.
Body mass index, pulmonary tuberculosis, serum zinc concentrations
Nazmul Islam1 , Monjure Khoda Md Doulatullah2 , Md Shariful Islam3 , Mohammad Nazrul Islam4 , Sharfuddin Mahmud5 , Md Mizanur Rahman1 , G. M. Faruquzzaman6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 57-63
Patterns of cervical lymph node involvement in laryngeal carcinoma: Clinical, anatomical, and TNM-based insights
Nazmul Islam1 , Monjure Khoda Md Doulatullah2 , Md Shariful Islam3 , Mohammad Nazrul Islam4 , Sharfuddin Mahmud5 , Md Mizanur Rahman1 , G. M. Faruquzzaman6
Abstract
Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is a major global health issue. It shows different patterns of cervical lymph node spread depending on the tumor’s location and characteristics. Understanding these patterns is important for planning treatment and assessing prognosis. This study analyzed cervical lymph node involvement in patients with laryngeal cancer, focusing on its relationship with anatomical locations and TNM staging.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 100 patients with laryngeal cancer treated at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from March to September 2015. Data were collected through structured interviews, physical examinations, indirect laryngoscopy, and histopathological analysis. We used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 for statistical analysis, which included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression to find predictors of lymph node involvement.
Results: Lymph node involvement was found in 100% of patients. Supraglottic tumors had a much higher involvement rate at 95%, compared to glottic tumors at 5%. Level III lymph nodes were the most affected, at 50%, followed by Level II at 30%. There was a strong correlation between T-stage and lymph node involvement (r = 0.82), with rates rising from 20% in T1 tumors to 93.3% in T4 tumors. The multivariate analysis found that T3 (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 3.9, P = 0.015), T4 (aOR: 8.5, P = 0.001), the presence of a clinical neck mass (aOR: 4.2, P = 0.002), and the supraglottic location (aOR: 3.1, P = 0.034) were independent predictors of lymph node involvement.
Conclusion: The study shows clear patterns of cervical lymph node involvement based on the location of laryngeal tumors and their staging. These findings support the need for routine elective neck dissection for advanced supraglottic tumors, offering valuable insights for treatment planning in resource-limited areas where patients often present at later stages.
Cervical lymph node metastasis, laryngeal carcinoma, supraglottic tumors, TNM staging
Md. Khairuzzaman1 , Mohammad Mahmodur Rahman1 , Nasir Uddin1 , Md Ahsanul Hoque1 , Md. Mizanur Rahman2 , A. H. M. Monzur Uddin3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 64-71
Correlation between cardiac troponin I level with adverse in-hospital outcome in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Md. Khairuzzaman1 , Mohammad Mahmodur Rahman1 , Nasir Uddin1 , Md Ahsanul Hoque1 , Md. Mizanur Rahman2 , A. H. M. Monzur Uddin3
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is a well-established biomarker for diagnosing myocardial infarction. However, its prognostic value in predicting adverse in-hospital outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients remains underexplored in Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to assess the correlation between admission cTnI levels and adverse in-hospital outcomes among STEMI patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 100 STEMI patients admitted to Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. Admission troponin-I levels were measured and categorized into <0.034 ng/mL, 0.034–0.12 ng/mL, and ≥0.12 ng/mL groups. In-hospital outcomes, including arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, and hospital stay duration, were recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-square tests.
Results: Arrhythmia occurred in 0%, 33.3%, and 46.1% of patients in increasing troponin-I groups (P < 0.001). Cardiogenic shock incidence rose from 3.7% to 23% (P = 0.011), and heart failure increased from 0% to 30.7% (P < 0.001). Hospital stay >5 days was required by 0%, 71.7%, and 100% of patients across ascending troponin-I groups (P < 0.001). All associations were statistically significant except cardiogenic shock, which showed a moderate positive association.
Conclusion: Higher admission troponin-I levels are strongly associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in STEMI patients. Admission troponin-I assessment can aid in early risk stratification to optimize management in resource-limited settings.
Cardiogenic shock, in-hospital outcomes, risk stratification, ST-segment elevation myocardial
infarction, troponin-I
The pattern of hematological abnormalities in NS1-positive dengue fever
Md Elias Bhuiyan1 , Khondoker Ehsanul Arefin2 , Rahima Sultana3 , Ahmad Monjurul Aziz4 , Fatema Khanum1 , Tasmia Islam1
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 72-76
The pattern of hematological abnormalities in NS1-positive dengue fever
Md Elias Bhuiyan1 , Khondoker Ehsanul Arefin2 , Rahima Sultana3 , Ahmad Monjurul Aziz4 , Fatema Khanum1 , Tasmia Islam1
Abstract
Introduction: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that poses a significant public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, including Bangladesh. The detection of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying dengue infection in its early phase, often before the appearance of immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G antibodies. This study aims to investigate the pattern of hematological abnormalities in NS1-positive dengue fever patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Bangladesh Medical College, from January 2024 to January 2025, and included 120 patients who tested positive for dengue NS1 antigen. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. All analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 25.
Result: Among 120 NS1-positive dengue patients, the majority were aged 19–40 years (48.3%) and male (57.5%), with 85% presenting within 5 days of illness. Thrombocytopenia was present in all cases, with 36.7% showing severe levels. Leukopenia affected 68.3%, and hemoconcentration was seen in 41.7% of patients. Hematological abnormalities, particularly severe thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration, were more pronounced with longer illness duration.
Conclusion: This study concludes that thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hemoconcentration are the most consistent hematological abnormalities, with severity increasing alongside illness duration. Thrombo cytopenia was universal, while leukopenia and hemoconcentration were more prevalent in patients presenting after 5 days and among males.
.
Dengue fever, dengue shock syndrome, hematological abnormalities, non-structural
protein 1 positive
Functional recovery following styloidectomy in Eagle’s syndrome: A prospective study
Ashik Ikbal1 , Muhammad Mahmudul Haque1 , Md. Khaled Shahrear1
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 77-84
Functional recovery following styloidectomy in Eagle’s syndrome: A prospective study
Ashik Ikbal1 , Muhammad Mahmudul Haque1 , Md. Khaled Shahrear1
Abstract
Background: Eagle’s syndrome features an elongated styloid process and causes various symptoms, such as throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and ear pain. This study aimed to assess functional recovery after styloidectomy in Eagle’s syndrome patients, analyze predictors of surgical success, and evaluate how symptom duration affects outcomes.
Methods: This study involved 100 patients with Eagle’s syndrome who had either intraoral or extraoral styloidectomy. We assessed patients before surgery and followed up at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation. We measured Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, symptom relief, and functional recovery. Analysis of variance and logistic regression were executed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 for statistical analysis to find recovery predictors.
Results: Of the participants, 58% were female, with an average age of 45.2 years. Throat pain was the most common symptom (84%), followed by difficulty swallowing (60%). We performed the intraoral approach in 66% of cases. Complete symptom relief was seen in 83.3% of patients for throat pain, 73.3% for difficulty swallowing, and 81.8% for ear pain. Patients with symptoms lasting <6 months had much better VAS improvement (85.2%) compared to those with symptoms lasting more than 12 months (65.1%) (P = 0.002). Age over 60 years and having bilateral surgery were important predictors of recovery.
Conclusion: Timely surgical intervention in Eagle’s syndrome leads to better functional outcomes. This study shows high success rates with both surgical methods, and symptom duration plays a key role in recovery. These results highlight the importance of quick diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Eagle’s syndrome, styloidectomy, surgical outcomes, post-operative complications
Sanjida Rahman1 , Eliyas Ahmed2 , Aziza Md. Abdur Rahman3 , Amirunnaher Amirunnaher3 , Mehdi Faruk Proteek4
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 85-92
Expression of vimentin in endometrial carcinoma: Association with histological subtypes,
tumor grade, and T stageEagle’s syndrome: A prospective study
Sanjida Rahman1 , Eliyas Ahmed2 , Aziza Md. Abdur Rahman3 , Amirunnaher Amirunnaher3 , Mehdi Faruk Proteek4
Abstract
Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, with varying histopathological subtypes and biological behaviors. Accurate classification and grading are essential for prognosis and treatment planning. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, such as vimentin, have gained attention for their potential role in differentiating tumor types and predicting tumor aggressiveness. This study aims to evaluate the expression of vimentin in different histological types, grades, and stages of EC and to explore its diagnostic and prognostic relevance.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. IHC of Vimentin was done at the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from March 2022 to February 2024. Histopathologically diagnosed 46 EC cases were included in this study. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 26 for Windows.
Results: Among the 46 patients, the mean age was 56.9 years, with most (39.1%) in the 51–60 age group. Endometrioid carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type (76.1%), followed by serous (21.7%) and carcinosarcoma (2.2%). Grade 3 tumors were the most common (45.7%). High vimentin expression was observed in 69.6% of cases, with a significant association noted between high vimentin expression and endometrioid type (P < 0.001) as well as lower tumor grade (P = 0.009). No significant association was found between vimentin expression and pathological T stage (P = 0.099).
Conclusion: The association of vimentin with histopathological type and grade of EC was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, the association between vimentin and the stage of EC was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Routine use of vimentin expression in EC may provide prognostic information to predict disease outcomes.
Endometrial carcinoma, histological subtypes, tumor grade, vimentin expression
Intelligence meets morphology: The rise of artificial intelligence in modern pathology
Mansi Singal , Sonia Gon , Margareth Khuraijam
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 93-106
Intelligence meets morphology: The rise of artificial intelligence in modern pathology
Mansi Singal , Sonia Gon , Margareth Khuraijam
Abstract
Pathology is an inherently complex field relying heavily on subjective microscopic examination, leading to variability and inefficiency. Digital Pathology and the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) offer promising solutions to automate and standardize diagnostic workflows along with better tissue analysis by improving accuracy, reproducibility, and speed while supporting pathologists. In this review, all key advances have been
demonstrated – including cancer detection, grading, and prognostication, highlighted by benchmark studies and challenges. Despite challenges such as data diversity, interpretability, and clinical validation, AI’s integration with multiomics data presents a transformative opportunity for personalized and precision pathology. This review
overall summarises current AI capabilities, discusses practical considerations for clinical implementation, and outlines future directions, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to realize AI’s full potential in advancing
pathology practice.
Artificial intelligence, Convolutional neural network, Deep learning, Digital pathology, Generative
adversarial network, Graph neural network, Machine learning
Shafinaz Mehzabin1 , Ferdousi Begum2 , Fatima Wahid3 , Nayer Islam4 , Sumona Parvin5 , Mohammad Mahbub Elahi5 , Sharmin Hussain6
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 107-113
Comparative study of maternal morbidity in induced versus expectantly managed term premature rupture of membranes: A randomized controlled trial
Shafinaz Mehzabin1 , Ferdousi Begum2 , Fatima Wahid3 , Nayer Islam4 , Sumona Parvin5 , Mohammad Mahbub Elahi5 , Sharmin Hussain6
Abstract
Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term, defined as the spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor at or after 37 weeks of gestation, remains a common obstetric event, occurring in approximately 8–10% of all pregnancies. This study aims to evaluate and compare maternal outcomes, particularly morbidity such as puerperal sepsis, in women with term PROM managed with induction versus those managed expectantly.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka, from March 2012 to February 2013. One hundred patients of PROM admitted to ICMH were selected for the study as convenience sampling. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows, and statistical analysis was done using percentage, frequency, mean ± standard deviation, Chi-square test, etc. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Obstetric histories were largely similar, though stillbirth was significantly higher in the expectant group (16% vs. 4%, P = 0.045). The groups were comparable in gestational age. The induction group had significantly higher rates of anemia (92% vs. 72%, P = 0.009), edema (32% vs. 14%, P = 0.032), and lower blood pressure. Notably, puerperal sepsis occurred only in the expectant group (14%, P = 0.006), indicating better maternal outcomes with induction.
Conclusion: This controlled study comparing labor induction and expectant management in term PROM highlights that timely induction is associated with better maternal outcomes, particularly a significant reduction in puerperal sepsis, improved antenatal care utilization, and fewer hypertensive changes.
Anemia, maternal morbidity, premature rupture of membranes, puerperal sepsis
A frustrating port sites infection due to tuberculosis following laparoscopic surgery
Md. Rabiul Karim1 , Afroja Siddiqua2 , Md Abu Sayem3 , Rubina Akter4 , Monirul Islam Sajib5 , Rana Jahangir Alam6 , SK. Mozammel Haque7 , Md. Rezaul Alam8
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR)| Vol-11, Issue-4 | July-August 2025 | Page: 114-118
A frustrating port sites infection due to tuberculosis following laparoscopic surgery
Md. Rabiul Karim1 , Afroja Siddiqua2 , Md Abu Sayem3 , Rubina Akter4 , Monirul Islam Sajib5 , Rana Jahangir Alam6 , SK. Mozammel Haque7 , Md. Rezaul Alam8
Abstract
Introduction: Minimal access surgery has brought a paradigm shift in the approach to modern surgery. Less pain, rapid post-operative recovery, cosmesis, and early return to work have led to this popularity. Laparoscopic procedures have progressed from cholecystectomies to appendicectomies to various other fields, including gastrointestinal surgery, onco surgery, urology, and gynecology.
Methods: This study included 100 laparoscopic surgeries at Ship International Hospital, Dhaka, from September 2021 to September 2022. Standard preoperative care and general anesthesia were given. Specimens were retrieved in endobags, and instruments were sterilized with 2% glutaraldehyde (30 min contact).
Results: Among 100 laparoscopic surgeries (80 cholecystectomies and 20 appendicectomies), port-site infection was observed in 7 patients. The umbilical port, particularly used for specimen extraction, was the most commonly affected site (42%), followed by combined umbilical and epigastric ports (28%). Operative findings associated with these infections included chronic cholecystitis with thick gallbladder wall (42%), acute cholecystitis (28%), empyema gallbladder (14%), and acute appendicitis (14%).
Conclusion: Port-site infection, though uncommon, remains a significant complication of laparoscopic surgery, leading to patient morbidity and undermining surgical outcomes. Atypical mycobacteria are emerging as important causative agents, often resistant to multiple drugs. Strict adherence to sterilization protocols, along with timely diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, is essential to prevent and effectively manage these infections.
Atypical mycobacteria, laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic surgery, port-site infection, sterilization,
surgical site infection
