Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) is indexed in EMBASE (Elsevier), NCBI, Index Medicus (IMSEAR), Global Index Medicus, Index Copernicus, CABI, ISMTE and Google Scholar
Md. Soriful Islam1, Hasib Rahman2, Md. Shafiqul Alam1, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman3, E M Nayem Shakir4, Shawon Bin Rahman5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 1-8 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.1
Clinical and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Filarial Hydrocele among Adult Males at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Bangladesh
Md. Soriful Islam1, Hasib Rahman2, Md. Shafiqul Alam1, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman3, E M Nayem Shakir4, Shawon Bin Rahman5
Abstract
Introduction: Filarial hydrocele is a major cause of chronic morbidity among men in lymphatic filariasis– endemic regions, with considerable clinical and socioeconomic implications. Despite national elimination efforts, northern Bangladesh continues to report persistent filarial morbidity. The aim of the study is to assess the etiologic, clinical, and socio-demographic characteristics of filarial hydrocele among adult males attending a tertiary hospital in northern Bangladesh.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 100 consecutively enrolled adult males with newly diagnosed primary vaginal hydrocele at Rangpur Medical College Hospital from January to December 2014. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and standardized operative assessment. Descriptive statistics summarized socio-demographic patterns, etiological distribution, laterality, and intraoperative findings.
Results: Definite filarial etiology accounted for 53% of cases, with an additional 30% categorized as highly likely or suspected. The cohort was predominantly young to middle-aged (mean age 33.65 years), rural (63%), and socioeconomically disadvantaged, with 77% classified as poor and 59% residing in kutcha houses. Unilateral hydrocele was common (88%), with right-sided predominance (57.95%). Lymphangiectasia was observed intraoperatively in 45% of patients, while 28% showed testicular abnormalities. Hydrocele volume was highest in bilateral cases (928 mL), followed by left-sided (426 mL) and right-sided (305 mL) disease.
Conclusion: Filarial hydrocele in northern Bangladesh predominantly affects men from poor, rural backgrounds and frequently presents with advanced lymphatic pathology. Strengthened morbidity-management services, improved sanitation, and targeted preventive strategies remain essential for reducing disease burden.
Filarial hydrocele, lymphangiectasia, socio-demographic factors, lymphatic filariasis, hydrocelectomy
A.B.M Mukib1, Mizanur Rahman2, Kanij Fatema2, Shaheen Akhter3, Noor-e-Saba4, Bikush Chandra Paul2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 9-17 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.2
Neurocognitive Trajectories Following Monthly Pulse IV Methylprednisolone in Children with Epileptic Encephalopathy
A.B.M Mukib1, Mizanur Rahman2, Kanij Fatema2, Shaheen Akhter3, Noor-e-Saba4, Bikush Chandra Paul2
Abstract
Background: Pediatric epileptic encephalopathies (EE) are characterized by drug-resistant seizures and cognitive regression. Corticosteroid therapies such as intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) have shown variable efficacy. This study evaluates the clinical, neurocognitive, and electrophysiological outcomes of IVMP in children with EE.
Methods: A retrospective cohort of 25 children diagnosed with EE (Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome [LGS], CSWS, West Syndrome) received IVMP pulse therapy. Outcomes assessed included seizure response, EEG improvement, cognitive shift, and treatment tolerability. Univariate logistic regression explored predictors of cognitive improvement.
Results: Seizure reduction ≥50% was observed in 64.0% overall, significantly higher in CSWS (100%) than LGS (30.8%, P = 0.001). EEG improvement occurred in 60.0%, also favoring CSWS (81.8% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.047). Cognitive improvement was noted in only 16.0% of patients, with no statistically significant predictors. Adverse events were mild and reported in 28.0%.
Conclusions: IVMP therapy may effectively reduce seizures and EEG burden in children with EE, particularly in CSWS. However, cognitive gains remain limited, emphasizing the need for adjunctive neurorehabilitative strategies. IVMP appears to be safe and well-tolerated.
Epileptic encephalopathy, methylprednisolone, CSWS, EEG, cognitive outcomes
Clinical Patterns and Triggers of Psoriasis in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Mohammed Saiful Islam1, Md. Haroon Ur Rashid2, Md. Hasnainul Islam3, Md. Abul Hashem4 , Sanjida Fardous5
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 18-24 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.3
Clinical Patterns and Triggers of Psoriasis in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Mohammed Saiful Islam1, Md. Haroon Ur Rashid2, Md. Hasnainul Islam3, Md. Abul Hashem4 , Sanjida Fardous5
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease with variable clinical forms and systemic impact. Flares are often linked to triggers such as stress, infections, trauma, seasonal change, drugs, and smoking, but Bangladeshi data on patterns, severity, and triggers are limited. This study aimed to describe psoriasis subtypes, severity (PASI), affected sites, and common triggers among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh from January, 2024 to December, 2024. Consecutive clinically diagnosed psoriasis patients (n = 180) of either sex was enrolled after consent; those refusing consent, with uncertain diagnosis, or severe comorbidity limiting assessment were excluded. Trained physicians recorded socio-demographics, age at onset, duration, family history, clinical subtype, sites involved, nail changes, and joint symptoms using a pre-tested form. Severity was assessed by PASI and categorized as mild (<10), moderate (10–20), or severe (>20). Data were analyzed in SPSS v26 using descriptive statistics.
Results: Among 180 psoriasis patients, most were aged 21–40 years, and 60.0% were male. Plaque psoriasis predominated (76.7%); common sites were lower limbs (75.6%), upper limbs (68.9%), trunk (61.1%), and scalp (53.3%). Nail involvement occurred in 32.2%, and joint symptoms suggestive of PsA in 17.8%. By PASI, 43.3% had mild, 38.9% moderate, and 17.8% severe disease. The most frequently reported triggers were seasonal variation (62.2%) and psychological stress (55.0%), followed by infection (27.8%), trauma/Koebner (25.0%), and smoking (22.2%).
Conclusion: Plaque psoriasis was the predominant subtype, with most patients having mild to moderate disease and frequent limb, trunk, and scalp involvement. Seasonal variation and psychological stress were the leading triggers, and notable nail and joint involvement support routine trigger-focused counseling and early screening for psoriatic arthritis.
Psoriasis, clinical patterns, triggering factors, PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index)
Effects of Varying Baricity of Bupivacaine on its Sequential Administration in Spinal Anesthesia
Kazi Rafsan* , Shyama Prosad Mitra , Lutful Aziz
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 25-32 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.4
Effects of Varying Baricity of Bupivacaine on its Sequential Administration in Spinal Anesthesia
Kazi Rafsan* , Shyama Prosad Mitra , Lutful Aziz
Abstract
Background: Baricity, defined as the density of a local anesthetic relative to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plays a crucial role in determining intrathecal drug spread and block characteristics. Bupivacaine, commonly used in spinal anesthesia, is available in hyperbaric and isobaric formulations. Although their individual effects are well studied, the impact of sequential administration of hyperbaric and isobaric bupivacaine remains unclear.
Aim of the Study: The study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of sequential administration of hyperbaric and isobaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia.
Methods: This prospective randomized observational trial was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a one-year study period from January 2024 to December 2024. A total of 120 ASA I–II patients scheduled for surgery below umbilicus were divided into four groups (n = 30 each). Group H received 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, Group I received 3 ml of isobaric bupivacaine, Group H+I received 1.5 ml hyperbaric followed by 1.5 ml isobaric, and Group I+H received the reverse sequence. Spinal anesthesia was performed at L4-5 with a 25-G Quincke needle in the sitting position. Outcomes included sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamic changes, analgesia duration, and complications.
Results: Baseline hemodynamics were comparable. Heart rate reduction at 30 minutes post-spinal block was significant (P = 0.043), with the greatest decline in Group I+H. Systolic and diastolic pressures decreased consistently across groups without significant differences. Sensory and motor onset times were similar, although Group H+I showed the fastest sensory onset (1.4 ± 0.75 min). Block duration varied significantly: Group I+H had the longest sensory (194.1 ± 27.8 min) and motor block (178.4 ± 24.3 min), while Group H had the shortest.
Conclusion: Ephedrine use and hypotension were lower in the combined groups, though differences were not statistically significant. Other adverse events were infrequent and evenly distributed. Sequential hyperbaric– isobaric administration enhances block duration with stable hemodynamics. The I+H sequence provided the longest anesthesia, while H+I offered the most rapid onset, suggesting combination strategies may optimize spinal anesthesia for surgery below umbilicus.
Baricity, bupivacaine, spinal anesthesia, hyperbaric, isobaric, hemodynamics
Role of Routine Ultrasonographical Evaluation During First and Second Trimesters of Pregnancy
Minara Parveen*, Hafija Akter, Anima Sarker, Mst. Tamima Akther, Tahmina Akter, Zahraa Al Tasnim, Umme Kulsum, Salima Akter
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 33-41 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.5
Role of Routine Ultrasonographical Evaluation During First and Second Trimesters of Pregnancy
Minara Parveen*, Hafija Akter, Anima Sarker, Mst. Tamima Akther, Tahmina Akter, Zahraa Al Tasnim, Umme Kulsum, Salima Akter
Abstract
Background: Routine obstetric ultrasonography is an essential part of antenatal care because it allows early, noninvasive assessment of pregnancy and fetal development. First-trimester ultrasonography is useful for confirming intrauterine pregnancy, viability, gestational age, multiplicity, and early complications, while second-trimester ultrasonography plays a major role in fetal anatomical assessment, detection of congenital anomalies, placental evaluation, and identification of growth or cervical abnormalities.
Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the role of routine ultrasonographical evaluation during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.
Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study enrolled 50 pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Uttara Adhunik Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was conducted over a 6-month period, from January 2024 to June 2024.Women with confirmed intrauterine pregnancy who underwent routine ultrasonography in both the first trimester, up to 13 weeks, and the second trimester, 18 to 24 weeks, were included. First-trimester ultrasonography assessed pregnancy location, viability, gestational age, multiplicity, and early complications, while second-trimester ultrasonography evaluated fetal biometry, structural anomalies, placental location, amniotic fluid volume, and cervical status.
Results: The mean participant age was 27.8 ± 5.1 years; 58.0% were multigravida. In the first trimester, all pregnancies were intrauterine, 92.0% were viable, and 6.0% were twins. In the second trimester, 92.0% of fetuses grew appropriately, with a few showing placental, liquor, or cervical abnormalities. Congenital anomalies were found in 10.0%, mostly central nervous system anomalies (4.0%). Routine ultrasonography confirmed viability in all cases, refined gestational age in 88.0%, guided referral or evaluation in 16.0%, and altered management in 38.0%, highlighting its essential role in prenatal decisions.
Conclusion: Routine ultrasonographic evaluation in the first and second trimesters was clinically valuable for confirming viability, accurate pregnancy dating, detecting multiple gestation and congenital anomalies, and identifying early obstetric complications.
Obstetric ultrasonography, antenatal diagnosis, first-trimester and second-trimester pregnancy
Perinatal Outcome in Case of Oligohydramnios in Term Pregnancy
Tamima Akther*, Hafija Akter, Anima Sarker, Minara Parveen, Salima Akter, Umme Kulsum
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 42-47 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.6
Perinatal Outcome in Case of Oligohydramnios in Term Pregnancy
Tamima Akther*, Hafija Akter, Anima Sarker, Minara Parveen, Salima Akter, Umme Kulsum
Abstract
Introduction: Oligohydramnios, referring to a low level of amniotic fluid (amniotic fluid index 5 cm), is a frequent pregnancy complication, especially at term, and is linked to elevated risks for newborns. Diagnosing it promptly with ultrasonography and proper management by an obstetrician are key to minimizing negative results. This study was conducted to assess the perinatal outcomes of oligohydramnios in term pregnancies.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Uttara Adhunik Medical College (UAMC) hospital, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025, including 68 women with term pregnancies (≥37 weeks) diagnosed with oligohydramnios (AFI ≤5 cm) by ultrasonography. The collected data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Result: Adverse neonatal outcomes were notable, with 41.2% low birth weight, 20.6% low Apgar scores, and 26.5% requiring NICU admission, while 8.8% developed meconium aspiration syndrome. Fetal distress (35.3%), meconium-stained liquor (26.5%), and intrauterine growth restriction (23.5%) were the most common perinatal complications, with a perinatal mortality rate of 4.4%.
Conclusion: This study concludes that oligohydramnios in term pregnancy is associated with increased perinatal risks. A higher rate of cesarean section, predominantly due to fetal distress, was observed, along with significant Perinatal complications such as low birth weight, low Apgar scores, and increased NICU admissions.
Perinatal outcome, oligohydramnios, term pregnancy
Rashmi Tasfea Naab*, M. Maksumul Haq, Md. Saidur Rahman Khan, Md. Jabed Iqbal, Masuma Jannat Shafi, Khondoker Md. Ferdoush Siraj, Sayem Bin Latif
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 48-54 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.7
Angiographic Complexity and Procedural Outcomes in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Rashmi Tasfea Naab*, M. Maksumul Haq, Md. Saidur Rahman Khan, Md. Jabed Iqbal, Masuma Jannat Shafi, Khondoker Md. Ferdoush Siraj, Sayem Bin Latif
Abstract
Background: Post-CABG patients with NSTE-ACS represent a complex cohort with advanced native disease and graft attrition. Angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of PCI in this population, particularly in Bangladesh, remain understudied.
Objective: To evaluate the angiographic complexity and procedural outcomes of NSTE-ACS patients with prior CABG undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute from July 2022 to June 2024. Among 195 enrolled post-CABG NSTE-ACS patients, 97 underwent PCI and were included in this analysis. Angiographic assessment evaluated native vessel disease, graft involvement, thrombus burden, and TIMI flow. Procedural success, in-hospital outcomes, and BARC bleeding were documented. Statistical analysis used SPSS version 25.0.
Results: Mean age was 64.4 ± 8.2 years, with 91.8% male. Triple vessel disease (92.8%) and SVG involvement (60.8%) were highly prevalent. PCI targeted RCA (32.0%) and SVGs (42.3%). Pre-procedural TIMI 1 flow (95.9%) improved to TIMI 3 in all patients (100%). Procedural success was 100%. No deaths, reinfarctions, or strokes occurred. Type 1 bleeding occurred in 5.2%, with no major bleeding events.
Conclusion: Post-CABG NSTE-ACS patients exhibit high angiographic complexity with triple-vessel and SVG disease. Despite this, PCI achieves excellent procedural success and favorable in-hospital outcomes, supporting an invasive approach in appropriately selected patients.
Angiography, coronary artery bypass grafting, non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, TVD, vein graft
Nusrat Fatema1, Shafinaz Khan2, Saif Ullah Munshi3, Zannatul Ferdous Tania1, Shahina Tabassum3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 55-62 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.8
Quantification of Plasma miRNA-150 Across HIV-Infected Cohorts and its Correlation with CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Counts
Nusrat Fatema1, Shafinaz Khan2, Saif Ullah Munshi3, Zannatul Ferdous Tania1, Shahina Tabassum3
Abstract
Introduction: Plasma microRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers in HIV infection, but the role of miRNA-150 across clinically stratified HIV groups remains uncertain.
Aim of the study: To quantify plasma miRNA-150 among different groups of HIV-infected patients and to evaluate its correlation with CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte count.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used archived plasma samples from HIV-1-infected adults preserved at the Department of Virology, Bangladesh Medical University, Bangladesh from July, 2024 to June, 2025. Participants were categorized into four protocol-defined groups: ART naïve with CD4 count <200 cells/μL, ART naïve with CD4 count 200–499 cells/μL, ART naïve with CD4 count ≥500 cells/μL, and ART receivers for more than 6 months. Plasma miRNA-150 was quantified by qRT-PCR using cel-miR-39-3p as an exogenous spike-in control. Quantified values were expressed as log10 copies/μL plasma. Group differences were described using summary statistics, and correlations with CD4 and CD8 counts were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: A total of 86 HIV-infected participants were analyzed. Mean plasma miRNA-150 was 2.94 ± 0.65 log10 copies/μL in the ART-naïve CD4 <200 group, 2.66 ± 0.68 in the ART-naïve CD4 200–499 group, 2.54 ± 0.64 in the ART-naïve CD4 ≥500 group, and 2.97 ± 0.88 in the ART receiver group. Plasma miRNA-150 showed a weak, non-significant correlation with CD4 count, r = 0.086, P = .428, and a negligible, non-significant correlation with CD8 count, r = 0.025, P =.817.
Conclusion: Plasma miRNA-150 was measurable across HIV-infected groups, but between-group differences were modest and no significant correlation with CD4 or CD8 T-lymphocyte count was observed. Plasma miRNA-150 may therefore have limited utility as a stand-alone cross-sectional biomarker of immune status in this cohort.
HIV, miRNA-150, plasma biomarkers, CD4 T-lymphocyte count, CD8 T-lymphocyte count
Intravenous L-arginine in Oligohydramnios
Natasha Tiluttoma Aleem1, Nahid Mirza1, Mahabuba Akhter2
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 63-70 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.9
Intravenous L-arginine in Oligohydramnios
Natasha Tiluttoma Aleem1, Nahid Mirza1, Mahabuba Akhter2
Abstract
Background: Oligohydramnios is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Intravenous amino acid supplementation has emerged as a potential therapy to improve amniotic fluid levels and pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies suggest that L-arginine and branched-chain amino acids may enhance fetal growth and reduce preterm birth. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intravenous amino acid solution rich in L-arginine in pregnant women with oligohydramnios.
Methods: The prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Asgar Ali Hospital, Dhaka, over two years, extending from March 2022 to January 2024, among 48 pregnant women with oligohydramnios. The participant received five (5) doses of IV amino acid supplementation during gestational weeks 28–34, under the supervision of a physician.
Results: The study’s mean age of pregnant women was 28.19 ± 4.27 years, and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.04 ± 1.89 weeks. Most cases of oligohydramnios with IUGR were identified at 28–30 weeks of gestation, accounting for 69.2% of the study population. Mean fetal weight before administration of the IV amino acid solution was 1424.04 ± 656.20 gm. After 3 weeks of treatment, the mean fetal weight increased to 2313.27 ± 528.16 gm, with an average fetal weight gain of 889.23 ± 716.72 gm, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Before administering the IV amino acid solution, the mean amniotic fluid index (AFI) was 5.00 ± 0.75 cm, which improved to 7.69 ± 0.84 cm after 3 weeks.
Conclusions: Intravenous supplementation of amino acids, particularly L-arginine and branched-chain amino acids, may offer potential benefits for pregnant women with oligohydramnios. These supplements could enhance uteroplacental blood flow and improve fetal nutrient delivery, potentially leading to better fetal growth outcomes.
Oligohydramnios, AFI, amino acid infusion, L-arginine, BCAA, pregnant women, USG, ēSD, IUGR, BPD, HC, AC, FL
Mohammad Maksudur Rahman1, Sarah Ambarin Chowdhury2, Ulfat Ara3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 71-77 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.10
A Study on Knowledge About Breast Cancer and its Prevention Among Reproductive Aged Adult Women in a Selected Village of Tangail, Bangladesh
Mohammad Maksudur Rahman1, Sarah Ambarin Chowdhury2, Ulfat Ara3
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer represents a significant health concern among women in both developed and developing countries. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing rapidly in Bangladesh.
Aim of the Study: The study aimed to assess knowledge about breast cancer and its prevention among reproductive aged adult women in a selected village of Tangail, Bangladesh.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Nagarpur Thana, Tangail district, Bangladesh. Data was collected from (n = 350) female persons. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a modified structured questionnaire.
Results: The majority of the females were graduates (34.57%). Breast cancer was known to 73.14% women (n = 350), and 52.01% of them mentioned electronic media as the source of information. The majority (62%) had correct knowledge of treatment, but only a few (22%) knew the diagnostic options. Knowledge about signs and symptoms was very poor among the women. A small portion of them mentioned risk factors. The study revealed that the majority of them are in a lower-risk condition in terms of proper breastfeeding practice (99.43%), a lower level of family history, and others. Results showed that 57.14% had heard of breast self-exam, but only 2.70% were correctly performing it, and only 6.49% had correct knowledge about mammography.
Conclusion: All women in Nagarpur Thana of Tangail District were aware of breast cancer; their knowledge was largely limited to basic awareness rather than comprehensive knowledge. Knowledge of signs and symptoms, risk factors, screening methods, diagnosis, and treatment was insufficient, and participation in screening practices remained low.
Knowledge, breast cancer, prevention, Tangail, Bangladesh
Pulak Dhar1, Nowshin Taslima Hossain1, Habibur Rahman2, Sabbir Noman2, Mohosina Asfi Sara2, Sumon Paul3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 78-86 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.11
Efficacy and Toxicity of CCRT Versus RT Alone in Advanced Esophageal Cancer: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Pulak Dhar1, Nowshin Taslima Hossain1, Habibur Rahman2, Sabbir Noman2, Mohosina Asfi Sara2, Sumon Paul3
Abstract
Background: This study compared treatment responses and symptomatic improvement between concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and radiotherapy (RT) alone in patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 patients (30 per arm) with comparable sociodemographic characteristics were allocated to Arm A (RT alone: 54 Gy/30 fractions) or Arm B (CCRT: RT+cisplatin/ capecitabine). Outcomes included tumor response and symptomatic relief.
Results: The mean age was similar between arms (Arm A: 55.1 ± 9.08 years; Arm B: 55.1 ± 10.32 years), with most patients aged 50–69 years. Male predominance was observed (Arm A: 76.7%; Arm B: 63.3%), though not statistically significant (P = 0.404). Pretreatment dysphagia improved substantially in both arms (>80% response), with no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). Tumor response rates showed higher complete (20% vs. 10%) and partial responses (66.7% vs. 60%) in Arm B versus Arm A, though differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Stage-stratified analysis revealed similar trends, with no significant differences in partial or stable disease rates across stages (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: CCRT demonstrated numerically superior but statistically comparable tumor response and symptom relief compared to RT alone. Both regimens were effective in palliating dysphagia and other cancer-related symptoms, supporting their use in unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer.
Esophageal cancer, CCRT, RT, treatment response, symptom relief, locally advanced esophageal cancer
Dev Kant1, Jyoti Kumari2, R. K. Singh3
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research (AIMDR) | Vol-12, Issue- 2 | May-June 2026 | Page: 87-92 | DOI – 10.53339/aimdr.2026.12.3.12
A Study on Diabetic Retinopathy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending at Tertiary Care Hospital
Dev Kant1, Jyoti Kumari2, R. K. Singh3
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that arises as a complication of diabetes. It involves irreversible damage to the microvascular system in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Prolonged elevated blood sugar levels contribute to the development and progression of DR. DR is the major cause of blindness. Only upto Mild-to-moderate NPDR stage of DR in Type 2 diabetes is substantially reversible through combined systemic risk factor control. Objective of the present study was to evaluate the Diabetic Retinopathy and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending at tertiary care hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.
Methods: A total of 200 patients were examined. All participants above 50 years of sage having diabetes of more than 10 years underwent presenting and pinhole visual acuity testing in each eye using Snellen’s tumbling E chart. Retinal examination was carried out with indirect ophthalmoscope and 20D lenses after a minimum 30 min of dilatation for aassessment of DR. The International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity scale (ICDR) classification was used for grading retinopathy and maculopathy.
Results: Most of the cases 121 (60.5%) were males. Most of the cases 140 (70%) were above the age of 50 years. Most of the patients 192 (96%) of duration of diabetes mellitus was greater than 10 years. Only 40 (20%) cases had mild to proliferative retinopathy. Prevalence of retinopathy was 20%. out of 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases, Mild Non Proliferative diabetic retinopathy cases were 17 (8.5%), Moderate NPDR 5 (2.5%), severe non proliferative cases were 9 (4.5%) and proliferative cases were 9 (4.5%). No any cases were seen of Ungraded. Maculopathy was seen in only 24 (12%) cases. Maculopathy -Noncentral 15 (7.5%) and maculopathy- central was 9 (4.5%).
Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy is preponderance to male population as compared to female. Diabetic retinopathy is commonly seen in chronic cases which had longer (>10 years) duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mild DR and non central maculopathy are more common. Screening to detect mild to moderate stage alert for strict control, my reduce to progression to nonprogressive phase.
Diabetic retinopathy, prevalence, age group, gender
